Comorbidity Between Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents: Bridge Symptoms and Relevance of Risk and Protective Factors

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dc.authoridBarker, Edward/0000-0002-9914-8958
dc.authoridYoung, Katherine/0000-0002-1378-6415
dc.authoridLau, Jennifer/0000-0001-8220-3618
dc.authoridKonac, Deniz/0000-0002-0121-1067
dc.contributor.authorKonac, Deniz
dc.contributor.authorYoung, Katherine S.
dc.contributor.authorLau, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorBarker, Edward D.
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-06T17:37:29Z
dc.date.available2025-01-06T17:37:29Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractDepression and anxiety are highly prevalent and comorbid in adolescents, and this co-occurrence leads to worse prognosis and additional difficulties. The relationship between depression and anxiety must be delineated to, in turn, reduce and prevent the comorbidity, however our knowledge is still limited. We used network analysis to investigate bridge symptoms; symptoms that connect individual depression and anxiety symptoms and thus can help explain the comorbidity. We also examined the role of relevant risk and protective factors in explaining these symptom-level associations between these disorders. We analyzed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (n = 3670). Depression and anxiety symptoms, peer victimization, bullying, peer relational problems, prosocial behavior, and parental monitoring were assessed at a single time point around age 13 years. Stressful life events (SLEs) were assessed at age 11 years. We identified the most prominent bridge symptoms among depression (feeling unhappy, feeling lonely) and anxiety symptoms (worrying about past, worrying about future). Peer relational difficulties and SLEs were strongly associated with several depression and anxiety symptoms, such that these two risk factors created a link between individual depression and anxiety symptoms. Prosocial behavior had several negative associations with symptoms of both disorders, suggesting it can be an important protective factor.
dc.description.sponsorshipUK Medical Research Council [217065/Z/19/Z]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health [R01HD068437]; Economic and Social Research Council [ES/R005516/1]; Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey; Wellcome [217065/Z/19/Z]; ESRC [ES/R005516/1] Funding Source: UKRI; MRC [MC_PC_19009] Funding Source: UKRI
dc.description.sponsorshipThe UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref.: 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This research specifically was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01HD068437 and Economic and Social Research Council under Grant ES/R005516/1 (to Edward D Barker). Deniz Konac is supported by The Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10862-021-09880-5
dc.identifier.endpage596
dc.identifier.issn0882-2689
dc.identifier.issn1573-3505
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.pmid34720388
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85103396364
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage583
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-021-09880-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14669/2227
dc.identifier.volume43
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000635069000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer/Plenum Publishers
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241211
dc.subjectDepression
dc.subjectAnxiety
dc.subjectComorbidity
dc.subjectNetwork analysis
dc.subjectAdolescent
dc.subjectAvon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC)
dc.titleComorbidity Between Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents: Bridge Symptoms and Relevance of Risk and Protective Factors
dc.typeArticle

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