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ANFIS-SA-based design of a hybrid reconfigurable antenna for L-Band, C-band, 5G and ISM band applications
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Gencoglan, Duygu Nazan
This study presents a novel hybrid reconfigurable antenna design optimized using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) enhanced with a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm for L-band, C-band, 5G, and ISM applications. The antenna is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 17 x 28 x 1.6 mm3, and two PIN diodes are employed to achieve frequency and radiation pattern reconfigurability. In the ON-ON state, the antenna operates in dual bands, covering 1.33-1.38 GHz (L-band) and 3.57-3.95 GHz (C-band). For the OFF-ON state, it operates from 3.56 to 3.95 GHz (C-band, 5G). In the ON-OFF state, it covers 1.50-1.54 GHz (L-band) and 5.66-5.90 GHz (ISM band), while in the OFF-OFF state, it operates from 5.49 to 5.82 GHz (ISM band). The antenna exhibits common bands at 3.8 GHz (C-band) and 5.8 GHz (ISM) across different states, facilitating pattern reconfigurability. ANFIS-SA is applied to optimize the switch locations, significantly improving resonance frequency and S11 performance. The antenna supports beam steering between 0 degrees and 180 degrees, enhancing adaptive coverage for modern applications such as Wi-Fi, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2 V), and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication. This study addresses a critical gap by combining hybrid optimization techniques to improve frequency agility and radiation pattern control for next-generation wireless systems.
Improving multi-class classification: scaled extensions of harmonic mean-based adaptive k-nearest neighbors
(Springer, 2025) Acikkar, Mustafa; Tokgoz, Selcuk
This paper proposes a novel extension of the harmonic mean-based adaptive k-nearest neighbors (HMAKNN) algorithm, called scaled HMAKNN (SHMAKNN), which builds on HMAKNN's strengths to achieve improved multi-class classification accuracy. HMAKNN uses a modified voting mechanism based on the harmonic mean and adaptive k-value selection to address issues like the sensitivity to k-value selection and the limitations of majority voting. SHMAKNN further improves the decision process by adjusting the components of the harmonic mean, focusing on voting values and the average distances of each class label. Additionally, SHMAKNN applies a re-scaling process to adjust the distances of the nearest neighbors within a specific range, enhancing the consistency of distances at different scales. These improvements help align the elements of the harmonic mean more effectively, leading to a balanced and less biased classification process. The study utilized 26 benchmark datasets, carefully curated to ensure accuracy and consistency, selected from diverse domains to evaluate the proposed method on real-world problems. These datasets were chosen to represent challenges like noise, imbalance, and sparsity, ensuring robustness in handling common data complexities. Additionally, small to medium-sized datasets were used to reduce computational burden and allow for efficient evaluation. The evaluation results show that the proposed SHMAKNN models outperform existing methods in both accuracy and F1-score for datasets with four or more classes. Specifically, SHMAKNN achieved the highest average accuracy and F1-score (86.36% and 86.16%) compared to HMAKNN (86.10% and 85.74%) and traditional k-nearest neighbors (84.87% and 84.69%). The performance improvements were validated using Friedman's test at a significance level of 0.05, confirming their statistical significance of the results. Consequently, the findings indicate that the proposed algorithm exhibits remarkable performance, thereby confirming its reliability and validity in the context of real-world applications, particularly those involving multiple classes.
A novel repair method for the lifespan and performance improvement of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger: A thermo-mechanical approach
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Delibas, Hulusi; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Halil
Heat exchangers play a critical role in the functioning of many engineering systems. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHEs) are more traditional and widely used devices due to their efficiency, versatility, and ability to handle a range of flow conditions and fluid types. STHEs experience a number of problems over time, including corrosion, mechanical wear, or leaking, and thus need repairs to keep operating. This study has introduced a novel repair approach for extending the lifespan of damaged STHE tubes by fitting new tubes. An original thermo-mechanical model, including the analyses of the STHE, thermal contact resistance between the fitted tubes, and mechanical design of the built structures, is proposed for the problem solution, and all governing equations are simultaneously solved in Engineering Equation Solver (EES). All submodels are validated with analytical or experimental data, and good agreements are obtained. The most significant design parameters and their effects on the thermal and mechanical performances of an STHE are parametrically investigated. Results reveal that increasing the contact surface slope over 10 degrees but lowering the effective surface roughness below 3 mu m provides an advantage for keeping the heat load of the STHE high. Among the interference fits, the locational interference fit is the most advantageous in terms of thermal and mechanical performances relative to other fit conditions. Both increasing operating pressure and tube diameter are two key pillars that can allow for a safety factor > 1.5. Fitting tube materials are parametrically independent and applicable to any STHE tube diameter as the yield strength > 300 MPa. Even if all tubes are press-fitted, the maximum heat load drop in the current repair method corresponds to 4.23 % which is lower than the tolerable value i.e., <10 % of the initially planned heat load.
Solitons of ?-Ricci-Bourguignon Type on Submanifolds in (LCS)m Manifolds
(Mdpi, 2024) Yan, Lixu; Vandana; Siddiqui, Aliya Naaz; Yoldas, Halil Ibrahim; Li, Yanlin
In this research article, we concentrate on the exploration of submanifolds in an (LCS)m-manifold B. We examine these submanifolds in the context of two distinct vector fields, namely, the characteristic vector field and the concurrent vector field. Initially, we consider some classifications of eta-Ricci-Bourguignon (in short, eta-RB) solitons on both invariant and anti-invariant submanifolds of B employing the characteristic vector field. We establish several significant findings through this process. Furthermore, we investigate additional results by using eta-RB solitons on invariant submanifolds of B with concurrent vector fields, and discuss a supporting example.
The effects of ethical leadership on work engagement, intrapreneurship, and service innovation behavior: sample of chambers of commerce and industry
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2020) Ozsungur, Fahri
Purpose The main purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of ethical leadership on work engagement, intrapreneurship and service innovation behavior with a qualitative method based on social exchange theory. Thus, it is possible to obtain knowledge on the cultural structure of the chambers of commerce and industry. Design/methodology/approach The sample of the study consisted of 568 employees in chambers of commerce and industry affiliated to the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey operating in Turkey. A phenomenological research method was adopted in this research. Four open-ended questions were asked to the participants. A coding process (conceptualization, classification, component analysis) was used in data analysis. Findings According to the qualitative analysis results, findings showed the association between ethical leadership, work engagement, intrapreneurship and service innovation behavior. The common theme proposed by the participants was management, ethical leadership and human resources. The study reveals the importance of ethical leadership in chambers of commerce and industry. Originality/value This is the first study that reveals the effects of ethical leadership on work engagement, intrapreneurship and service innovation behavior of the chambers of commerce and industry. Theoretical background, discussion, managerial implications, limitations and recommendations for future studies are discussed.
Explainable Profiling Attacks on Ethereum Blockchain Users Based on Volumetric and Temporal Behaviour
(IEEE, 2024) Kilic, Yasir; Inan, Ali
One of many different application areas of the blockchain technology is crypto-currencies. Products like Bitcoin and Solana provide financial services that are unmediated, distributed and anonymous. Among various blockchains, Ethereum stands out due to its support of smart contracts. However, softly authenticated transactions occuring on such platforms facilitate crimes like money laundering and sales of illegal items/services. Denanonymization, over blockchains, refers to identifying distinct accounts of the same person and is used for tracking illegal trafficking of cryptocurrencies. In this study, our purpose is to increase the rate of success of deanonymization and to support explainable approaches. Towards this aim, we imitate blockchain analysts and propose 19 novel heuristic features that are volumetric and temporal. Empirical experiments indicate that temporal features increase the attack success rate by 39%. Shapley values adapted from the cooperative game theory field support this finding.
Determination of mold contamination using ergosterol imprinted particles
(Wiley, 2021) Oktay Basegmez, Hatice Imge; Baydemir Pesint, Gozde; Nergiz, Mustafa; Zenger, Okan
Ergosterol is a key biochemical marker for fungal mycelial growth. In this study, molecularly ergosterol imprinted particles (Erg-MIPs) were newly synthesized for the selective detection of ergosterol in mold samples. Erg-MIPs were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, swelling studies, and surface area measurements. Maximum selective ergosterol adsorption achieved as 28.50 mg/g Erg-MIP. Selectivity studies showed that Erg-MIPs adsorbed Erg 2.01 and 3.27 times higher than that of cholesterol and stigmasterol, respectively. Erg adsorption fromAspergillus nigerwas found as 23.87 mg/g. Reusability of Erg-MIPs was studied and decrease in Erg adsorption capacity of the particles was negligible (3%). Erg-MIPs are good affinity materials for the selective Erg detection from food samples, prior to use in food industry.
Investigation of the Cortical Activity During Episodic Future Thinking in Schizophrenia: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
(Amer Psychological Assoc, 2020) Gunduz, H.; Baran, Z.; Kir, Y.; Baskak, N. Sedes; Baskak, B.
Episodic future thinking (EFD refers to mental simulation of possible future events, a process that mostly depends on episodic memory (EM). EFT impairment in schizophrenia was proposed to disturb continuity in self-functioning. Schizophrenia patients are also impaired in EM as well as executive functions (EFs). In the present study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between EFT and memory functions in schizophrenia by assessing (a) whether a group of individuals with schizophrenia (schizophrenia group [SG]) who have relatively intact long-term memory functions differ from healthy controls (control group [CG]) in terms of EFT performance, and (b) whether such difference is biologically represented in terms of cortical activity. We also aimed to clarify the role of EFs in EFT in 3 task conditions: past remembering with a single cue (PR), future imagination with a single cue (FI-1C), and future imagination with 3 given cues (FI-3C). Cortical activity was monitored by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Although the two groups showed a comparable performance in the PR, the SG performed worse than the CG in the two future-imagination conditions. In the CG, mental flexibility predicted EFT, and EM predicted PR. No such relationship was observed in the SG. In the CG only, activity was higher in the FI-1C than the PR in the middle and superior temporal cortices. In the SG, activity in the rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC) was negatively correlated with performance in FI-3C. These results suggest that EFT is still observed but not associated with EFs in individuals with schizophrenia having relatively intact memory functions. Altered activity in the rPFC may be associated with EFT impairment in schizophrenia.
Enhanced exergetic analysis of an olive oil refining plant: evaluation of the first and second level of exergy destructions
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2019) Bozoglan, Elif; Erbay, Zafer; Hepbasli, Arif; Gunerhan, Huseyin
Enhanced exergy analysis is built up as a novel modality to specify the origins of irreversibilities and to concentrate substantial improvement potential of components. The scope of this paper is to apply the enhanced exergy analysis to an olive oil refinery plant operated in Izmir, Turkey, that is conducted for the first time to agree the first level (endogenous/exogenous) and the second level (combination of the endogenous/exogenous and unavoidable/avoidable parts studied before) of destructions for exposing substantial efficiencies. Results showed that the components in the plant mostly have endogenous exergy destructions. Besides, the distillation unit has the highest endogenous exergy destruction value of 150.9 kW as the avoidable and unavoidable endogenous sections are 76.85 and 74.08 kW, respectively. Furthermore, the shell and tube economiser has the highest modified (enhanced) exergetic efficiency of 99.9% while the modified performances of plate-heat exchanger and pump (VII) are calculated as 73% and 71.24%, respectively.
Waste management costs (WMC) of mining companies in Turkey: Can waste recovery help meeting these costs?
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Yildiz, Taskin Deniz
Humankind is in need of mines throughout its entire life. As a result of mine production obtained for this need, mining wastes emerge. Mining waste management is reflected in mining enterprises as a cost item. It would be useful to determine how much share these costs have in mining operating costs (OC). At the same time, considering that the ratio of land use costs to mining investment amounts (MIA) in Turkey is very high, mining investment risks should be reduced. In order to bring forward solutions for the WMC and its regulation, in May, June and July of 2018, a survey was conducted to mining corporations via the survey software called Survey Monkey. The cost of wastes of each mining enterprise is proportionate to the yearly average OC of these mining companies. The results that come out when the ratio of the costs of mining waste management to the estimated investment costs as well, changing based on the different mineral groups, show that the mining WMC take a noticeably high place among the mining investments and OC in Turkey. Despite the environmental expenses made by mining companies in Turkey, the recovery of waste still lacks. In this regard, necessary arrangements should be made in the legislation, and the recovery of waste should be promoted despite the expenditure of the miner, and the return of the cost of the mining investor should be provided.
Effect of different raw materials on aroma fingerprints of 'boza' using an e-nose and sensory analysis
(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019) Kemahlioglu, K.; Kendirci, P.; Kadiroglu, P.; Yucel, U.; Korel, F.
Boza is a Turkish traditional beverage produced by fermentation of maize, rice, wheat, millet, cracked wheat, and durum clear flour. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different raw material combinations on the aroma fingerprints of boza samples using an electronic nose equipped with surface acoustic wave detector in combination with sensory analysis. According to flavour profile analysis of boza samples, significant differences were obtained among the samples. Hierarchical clustering analysis of e-nose and sensory analyses indicated that boza samples were clustered based on their aroma profiles, odour and taste properties revealing the effect of different cereals as raw materials. Rheological analysis showed that all boza samples exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour as the apparent viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate. This revealed that differences in raw materials did not change flow behaviour of boza samples. The results indicated that e-nose could be used as a fast and non-destructive method to assess the influence of raw material formulation on aroma profiles of boza samples in correlation with sensory analysis.
Production of enzyme-modified cheese (EMC) with ripened white cheese flavour: I-effects of proteolytic enzymes and determination of their appropriate combination
(Elsevier, 2019) Bas, Deniz; Kendirci, Perihan; Salum, Pelin; Gouce, Gokce; Erbay, Zafer
Enzyme-modified cheeses (EMCs) are used uniquely to enhance the cheese flavour in processed foods. Here we report, for the first time, the results from proteolysis process of the two-stage production of EMC with ripened white cheese flavour. Proteolytic ripening parameters, sensory properties, and volatile compounds were investigated to reach a target cheese flavour and the relationships between these properties were evaluated. Individual and combined effects of commercial proteolytic enzymes were studied and conditions for the production of EMC with ripened white cheese flavour were determined. Results showed the importance of phenol, 2-undecanone, and 3-methyl-1-butanol on cheese flavour strength and overall acceptability of EMC. Although a single parameter is not enough to evaluate the dynamic nature of the formation of bitterness, TCASN/WSN and PTASN/WSN ratios were suggested to be useful parameters in determining the appropriate degree of proteolysis and in evaluating the bitterness. (C) 2019 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Production of enzyme-modified cheese (EMC) with ripened white cheese flavour: II- effects of lipases
(Elsevier, 2020) Kendirci, Perihan; Salum, Pelin; Bas, Deniz; Erbay, Zafer
Enzyme-modified cheeses (EMCs) have been used uniquely to enhance the cheese flavour in processed foods. In this paper, effects of lipolytic enzymes during EMC production were investigated. EMC with ripened white cheese flavour was produced by a two-stage process in which proteolysis is followed by lipolysis. The results of proteolysis as the first stage were discussed in our previous report (Bas et al., 2019). In the present paper, four different commercial lipolytic enzymes with 3 different incubation times were applied to reach the target ripened white cheese flavour and free fatty acid (FFA) profiles, volatile compounds and sensory properties were investigated and the relationships between these properties were evaluated. Results showed that a balance in FFA profile is important. Samples contained nearly 19% butanoic acid in total volatiles and in the range of 10.7-12.3% volatile FFA in total FFA were desirable. During lipolysis, 17 new volatiles were formed, and most of the acids and esters among them are compounds commonly found in ripened white cheese. Moreover, absence of n-aldehydes was desirable for ripened white cheese flavour and lipolysed samples did not contain n-aldehydes. Briefly, lipolysis is critical in the formation of ripened white cheese flavour and two different enzyme-incubation time combinations (24 h with Piccantase (R) A and 48 h with Lipomod (TM) 801MDP) were suggested to use in the production of EMC with ripened white cheese flavour. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A robust ensemble feature selector based on rank aggregation for developing new VO2max prediction models using support vector machines
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Abut, Fatih; Akay, Mehmet Fatih; George, James
This paper proposes a new ensemble feature selector, called the majority voting feature selector (MVFS), for developing new maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max) prediction models using a support vector machine (SVM). The approach is based on rank aggregation, which meaningfully utilizes the correlation among the relevance ranks of predictor variables given by three state-of-the-art feature selectors: Relief-F, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR), and maximum likelihood feature selection (MLFS). By applying the SVM combined with MVFS on a self-created dataset containing maximal and submaximal exercise data from 185 college students, several new hybrid VO(2)max prediction models have been created. To compare the performance of the proposed ensemble approach on prediction of VO(2)max, SVM-based models with individual combinations of Relief-F, mRMR, and MLFS as well as with other alternative ensemble feature selectors from the literature have also been developed. The results reveal that MVFS outperforms other individual and ensemble feature selectors and yields up to 8.76% increment and 11.15% decrement rates in multiple correlation coefficients (Rs) and root mean square errors (RMSEs), respectively. Furthermore, in addition to reconfirming the relevance of sex, age, and maximal heart rate in predicting VO(2)max, which were previously reported in the literature, it is revealed that submaximal heart rates and exercise times at 1.5-mile distance are two further discriminative predictors of VO(2)max. The results have also been compared to those obtained by a general regression neural network and single decision tree combined with MVFS, and it is shown that the SVM exhibits much better performance than other methods for prediction of VO(2)max.
Integrated environmental risk assessment approach for transportation modes
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Oturakci, Murat; Dagsuyu, Cansu
The main aim of this study is to develop and implement new integrated environmental risk assessment for transportation activities. With this purpose, environmental risks occur from transportation activities from different transportation modes which are air, road, sea and rail are determined. Transportation modes are compared with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach in order to obtain importance weights and impact categories of air, soil and water are used as criteria where the weights are determined with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). For the risk assessment process, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) has been used and prioritizations of risks are calculated with weights of the calculated transportation modes. In the study, integrated multi-criteria decision-making methods with the classic FMEA method with different categories of impacts reveal new multidimensional perspective to classic environmental risk assessment methods.
Enhanced laccase separation from fermentation medium using cryogel columns
(Elsevier, 2023) Eren, Burcu; Zenger, Okan; Basegmez, Hatice Imge Oktay; Pesint, Gozde Baydemir
The laccase enzyme family belongs to the oxidoreductase enzyme class and is one of the most commercially valuable enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of one electron of a wide range of phenolic compounds. Separation and purification of laccases are crucial for industry since they play an important role in dye decolorization, biodegradation and food processing. Therefore, developing effective, high yielding and cost-effective methods for laccase production is vital. In this study, it was aimed to prepare cryogel columns for laccase purification following the bioproduction of laccase via Aspergillus niger. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate based cryogels were synthesized in the presence of 1-vinylimidazole as the affinity ligand and characterized by swelling tests, Bru-nauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Surface area and water uptake ratio of cryogel columns were 35 m2/g and 93 %, respectively. The effect of pH, equilibrium laccase concentration, flow rate, interaction time and temperature on laccase adsorption were examined. The purifi-cation factor was calculated as 10.53 under optimum conditions and the enzyme recovery was found to be 86.7 % from fermentation medium. Current study revealed that laccase purification using cryogels following filtration of fermentation medium could be a promising candidate for industrial applications with eliminating the need for complex chromatographic steps.
Effect of Inhomogeneity Constant on Equivalent Stresses in Elastic Analysis of Hollow Cylinder Made from Functionally Graded Material
(Gazi Univ, 2020) Boga, Cem
In this study, the determination of the equivalent stresses required for the elastic analysis of a hollow cylinder made of functional graded material (FGM) subjected to internal and external pressures was determined quickly and accurately, and its evaluation was discussed. The Poisson's ratio is thought to be constant. The functional grading for the modulus of elasticity varies radially along the thickness of the cylinder and depending on a simple power law function. Radial, tangential (hoop) and equivalent stresses with radial displacements in the cylinder are determined rapidly by modeling both analytically and by the finite element method (FEM) numerically. Outcomes of both methods were compared and found to be in harmony. At the same time, differently from previous studies in my paper, the influence of the inhomogeneity constant of the material on equivalent stresses was investigated and the results are presented in graphical form.
A new approach for environmental risk assessment
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Kokangul, Ali; Polat, Ulviye; Dagsuyu, Cansu
Environmental problems, such as global warming, the limited supply of sustainable energy, the depletion of natural resources, hazardous emissions released into the atmosphere and waste, are increasing global concerns. Therefore, individuals, communities, and businesses need to address environmental protection and sustainability. Environmental impact assessments are needed to identify, mitigate, and control aspects that affect the environment or a company's products, services, or activities. In this study, a general environmental aspect and impact assessment approach, which can be applied to any company that is involved in the production or service sector, is created. An environmental impact pattern that consists of 10 main and 32 sub-categories was formed based on the ISO 14001, environmental studies and field applications. The developed approach was applied to the dyeing units of a manufacturing firm. Sixteen environmental aspects were identified and assessed using the environmental impact template via the environmental failure mode and effect analysis (E-FMEA) method. The developed-approach can be applied to each sector, which will enable us to perform a detailed analysis of the environmental aspects in the environmental impact category. This approach provides a checklist for the environmental impact studies of businesses and has been pioneered as an effective method for company resources to improve their environmental performance.
The single-step operation for enzyme-modified cheese production: Influence and importance of process parameters
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Bolat, Enise Betul; Salum, Pelin; Erbay, Zafer
Enzyme-modified cheeses (EMCs) are natural flavour ingredients with intense cheese flavour. This study utilized a single-step process to produce an EMC; a single step process offers benefits such as shorter processing time, reduced equipment needs, and lower costs. However, product development and optimization are challenging due to multiple influencing factors. The study investigated incubation parameters (temperature, time, agitation speed), enzyme concentrations (proteolytic and lipolytic ratios), and homogenisation pressures to determine the important factors. The proteolytic ripening parameters, free fatty acid profiles, and volatile compounds of EMCs were examined. Key findings indicate that incubation conditions and protease concentration significantly influence EMC properties. Proteolytic enzyme concentration and incubation time were the main contributors to proteolytic ripening, while lipolytic ripening was primarily influenced by incubation temperature and agitation speed. Notably, incubation temperature was the most critical factor affecting the variation of volatile compounds in EMC production.
A new fuzzy-based approach for environmental risk assessment
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Oturakci, Murat
Due to new regulations, laws and increasing demand from consumers, companies begin to enhance their environmental management practices. Hence, environmental risk assessment became one of the critical success factors for companies in order to be successful. Environmental risk assessment approaches under Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) activities vary among industries and taking precautions about environmental issues lead researchers and practitioners to create new approaches. Also, subjectivity of existing methods, advancement of technology, and aim to minimize risk levels and rivalry among competitors are some of the main reasons for development of new approaches. This study aims to propose a new fuzzy-based approach for environmental risk assessment along with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for environmental risk assessment. Hereby, along with the consideration of categorical impacts such as to human health and environment, new approach is applied and compared with classic AHP results. According to the implementation results on a chemical ranch of a textile company, new approach minimizes subjectivity besides of flexible, original, and easy to implement for researchers and practitioners.

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