Perennial Baki™ Bean Safety for Human Consumption: Evidence from an Analysis of Heavy Metals, Folate, Canavanine, Mycotoxins, Microorganisms and Pesticides

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dc.authoridCraine, Evan/0000-0002-6252-8973
dc.contributor.authorCraine, Evan B.
dc.contributor.authorSakiroglu, Muhammet
dc.contributor.authorBarriball, Spencer
dc.contributor.authorPeters, Tessa E.
dc.contributor.authorSchlautman, Brandon
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-06T17:43:54Z
dc.date.available2025-01-06T17:43:54Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractGlobal food production relies on annual grain crops. The reliability and productivity of these crops are threatened by adaptations to climate change and unsustainable rates of soil loss associated with their cultivation. Perennial grain crops, which do not require planting every year, have been proposed as a transformative solution to these challenges. Perennial grain crops typically rely on wild species as direct domesticates or as sources of perenniality in hybridization with annual grains. Onobrychis spp. (sainfoins) are a genus of perennial legumes domesticated as ancient forages. Baki (TM) bean is the tradename for pulses derived from sainfoins, with ongoing domestication underway to extend demonstrated benefits to sustainable agriculture. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence characterizing the nutritional quality of Baki (TM) bean. Through two studies, we investigated the safety of Baki (TM) bean for human consumption. We quantified heavy metals, folate, and canavanine for samples from commercial seed producers, and we quantified levels of mycotoxins, microorganisms, and pesticides in samples from a single year and seed producer, representing different varieties and production locations. The investigated analytes were not detectable or occurred at levels that do not pose a significant safety risk. Overall, this study supports the safety of Baki (TM) bean for human consumption as a novel pulse crop.
dc.description.sponsorshipPerennial Agriculture Project; Great Plains Analytical Laboratories; University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank Alaska Ranch, Clearwater Seeds, and Montana Seeds for providing samples for analysis. We thank Great Plains Analytical Laboratories and the University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories for the analysis of seed samples. Members of the Legume Program at The Land Institute prepared samples for analysis. Bo Meyering assisted with statistical analysis.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules29081777
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.pmid38675597
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85191379502
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081777
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14669/2853
dc.identifier.volume29
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001210142300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofMolecules
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241211
dc.subjectperennial grain crop
dc.subjectsafety
dc.subjectsainfoin
dc.subjectheavy metals
dc.subjectmycotoxins
dc.subjectcanavanine
dc.titlePerennial Baki™ Bean Safety for Human Consumption: Evidence from an Analysis of Heavy Metals, Folate, Canavanine, Mycotoxins, Microorganisms and Pesticides
dc.typeArticle

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