Assessment of Whole Milk Powder Production by a Cumulative Exergy Consumption Approach

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dc.authoridAmeen, Dr. Arman/0000-0002-8349-6659
dc.authoridErbay, Zafer/0000-0003-3125-6466
dc.contributor.authorUcal, Esmanur
dc.contributor.authorYildizhan, Hasan
dc.contributor.authorAmeen, Arman
dc.contributor.authorErbay, Zafer
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-06T17:37:21Z
dc.date.available2025-01-06T17:37:21Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractThe production of food is a sector that consumes a significant amount of energy and encompasses both agricultural and industrial processes. In this study, the energy consumption of whole milk powder production, which is known to be particularly energy-intensive, was examined. The study used a cumulative exergy consumption approach to evaluate the overall production process of whole milk powder, including the dairy farm (raw milk production) and dairy factory (powder production) stages. The results showed that raw milk production dominated energy and exergy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. An amount of 68.3% of the total net cumulative exergy consumption in the system was calculated for raw milk production. In the dairy factory process, the highest energy/exergy consumption occurred during spray drying, followed by evaporation and pasteurization. In these three processes, 98.3% of the total energy consumption, 94.6% of the total exergy consumption, and 95.7% of the total carbon dioxide emissions in powder production were realized. To investigate the improvement potentials in the system, replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources and using pasture feeding in animal husbandry were evaluated. While using alternative energy sources highly influenced powder production, pasture feeding had a high impact on consumption in raw milk production. By using renewable energy and pasture feeding, the exergy efficiency, cumulative degree of perfection, renewability index, and exergetic sustainability index values for the overall process increased from 40.5%, 0.282, -0.22, and 0.68 to 68.9%, 0.433, 0.65, and 2.21, respectively.
dc.description.sponsorshipAdana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination (BAP) [18332011]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research received no external funding.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su15043475
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85149312039
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su15043475
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14669/2201
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000941368800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofSustainability
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241211
dc.subjectdairy
dc.subjectexergy
dc.subjectspray drying
dc.subjectcarbon dioxide emission
dc.titleAssessment of Whole Milk Powder Production by a Cumulative Exergy Consumption Approach
dc.typeArticle

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