Thermodynamic and environmental assessment of apple production in T�rkiye: regional comparison and agrivoltaic integration

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dc.authoridAmeen, Arman/0000-0002-8349-6659
dc.authoridKayaba��, Ramazan/0000-0001-6195-7445
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Mujdat
dc.contributor.authorKayabasi, Ramazan
dc.contributor.authorYildizhan, Hasan
dc.contributor.authorAmeen, Arman
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-27T07:33:33Z
dc.date.available2026-02-27T07:33:33Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThis study presents a comprehensive thermodynamic and environmental assessment of apple cultivation across three major production regions in T & uuml;rkiye: Antalya, Isparta and Ni & gbreve;de. This study is the first to provide an integrated energy, exergy and environmental assessment of agricultural voltaic systems by conducting a resource efficiency and sustainability assessment for open field apple production in T & uuml;rkiye. Using a functional unit of one ton of apple production, the analysis integrates cumulative energy consumption (CEnC), cumulative exergy consumption (CExC) and cumulative carbon dioxide emissions (CCO2E) to reveal the sustainability performance of regional farming systems. The results indicate significant spatial variations linked to climatic and operational factors. Ni & gbreve;de exhibited the highest total energy (3098 MJ/ton) and exergy (2975 MJ/ton) consumptions, mainly due to diesel-powered irrigation and mechanization, resulting in a cumulative carbon footprint of 125 kg CO2/ton. Conversely, Antalya recorded the lowest total emissions (33 kg CO2/ton) with a balanced energy profile dominated by fertilizers and electricity use. Isparta demonstrated the most thermodynamically efficient and renewable system, achieving the highest cumulative degree of perfection (CDP) (3.80) and Renewability Index (RI) (0.74) values. The integration of agrivoltaic systems (AVS) has further enhanced sustainability across all provinces, particularly in Ni & gbreve;de, by increasing CDP by up to 97%. These findings highlight the significant role that renewable energy integration plays in reducing carbon intensity and increasing resource efficiency in apple cultivation. By providing a region-specific perspective on agricultural thermodynamics, the study provides strategic insights into the transition to sustainable and climate-resilient food production systems in T & uuml;rkiye.
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Gvle
dc.description.sponsorshipOpen access funding provided by University of Gavle.
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-025-31495-z
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid41350905
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31495-z
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14669/4635
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001633614800005
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature Portfolio
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reports
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararas� Hakemli Dergi - Kurum ��retim Eleman�
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20260302
dc.subjectEnergy and exergy analysis
dc.subjectApple cultivation
dc.subjectAgrivoltaic systems
dc.subjectThermodynamic sustainability
dc.subjectEnvironmental assessment
dc.titleThermodynamic and environmental assessment of apple production in T�rkiye: regional comparison and agrivoltaic integration
dc.typeArticle

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