A stochastic bilevel model to manage symbiotic flows in an Industrial Symbiosis network under demand uncertainty

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dc.contributor.authorDa, Gulesin Sena
dc.contributor.authorIlkaya, Murat Ye
dc.contributor.authorAltinkaynak, Bura
dc.contributor.authorBirgoren, Burak
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-27T07:33:40Z
dc.date.available2026-02-27T07:33:40Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractIndustrial symbiosis (IS) networks offer a valuable means of reducing environmental impacts by optimizing by-products utilization and minimizing resource consumption. However, managing these networks remains challenging due to uncertainties in supply and demand, as well as the hierarchical decision-making structures within eco-industrial parks (EIPs). This study presents a novel stochastic bilevel programming model to coordinate by-product flows in an IS network. The model balances the EIP authority's objective of minimizing raw material use with companies' objectives of maximizing profits under uncertain demand. Unlike single-objective models, our bilevel approach uncovers intricate relationships between conflicting objectives. Applied to a theoretical IS network in the forest products industry, the model shows that demand fluctuations disrupt material flows and increase raw material consumption, worsening the EIP authority's environmental objectives, however, paradoxically, boost company profits by encouraging higher production. This interesting trade-off between the hierarchical objectives along with the model's ability to maintain feasible operations under varying demand conditions demonstrates the network's resilience.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBIdot;TAK) [120M223]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe research in this study is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUB & Idot;TAK) under grant number 120M223.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.cie.2026.111800
dc.identifier.issn0360-8352
dc.identifier.issn1879-0550
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.111800
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14669/4667
dc.identifier.volume213
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001663318800001
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofComputers & Industrial Engineering
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararas� Hakemli Dergi - Kurum ��retim Eleman�
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_20260302
dc.subjectIndustrial symbiosis networks
dc.subjectStochastic programming
dc.subjectBilevel programming
dc.subjectOR for environment
dc.subjectDemand uncertainty
dc.titleA stochastic bilevel model to manage symbiotic flows in an Industrial Symbiosis network under demand uncertainty
dc.typeArticle

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