Kahramanmaraş geleneksel Türk evlerindeki enerji korunumu: Termal konforla ilgili bir analiz
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim Ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çevre ve enerji verimliliği konularının gün geçtikçe öneminin arttığı günümüz şartlarında, binalar fazla enerji tüketimi ile çevresel sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Binalar etkin enerji çözümlemeleri sunarak sürdürülebilir bir gelecek sağlamalıdır. Farklı iklim bölgelerinde var olan, iklimle uyumlu tasarım ölçütleri barındıran ve enerji tüketimlerinin minimum seviyede olduğu düşünülen geleneksel yapılar, seneler süren tecrübe ile günümüze ışık tutmuş ve yapı tasarımları ile çağdaş yapılara önemli veri kaynakları olmuştur. Yapı, iklim ve enerji konusu kapsamında geleneksel Kahramanmaraş evleri araştırma verisi olarak seçilmiştir. Geleneksel Kahramanmaraş evlerinin günümüzde etkin bir şekilde kullanılıyor olması, yapılardaki ısıl konfor kriterlerinin ne ölçüde etkili oldukları sorunsalını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu problem karşısında geleneksel Kahramanmaraş evlerinin ısıl konfor durumlarının incelenmesi ve enerji korunumuna etkisi araştırmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan Kahramanmaraş bölgesindeki geleneksel evlerin mimari ve yapısal özellikleri, bölge iklim verileri ve geleneksel mimariye etkileri incelenmiştir. Geleneksel konut yapıları içerisinden seçilen 10 konut yapısının enerji performansları üç aşamalı yöntemle değerlendirilmiştir. Birinci aşamada yapı tasarımı adı altında konutun yerleşim planı, bina formu, mekân organizasyonu, kullanılan malzeme ve yapısal sistem detayları analizlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada iklim tasarımı adı ile bölge iklimi göz önünde bulundurularak güneş ve rüzgâr yönlerinin yapıya etkileri ve yapıdaki açıklıklar analize dâhil edilerek evlerin cephe yönelim karakterleri analizlenmiştir. Son olarak üçündü aşama enerji tasarımı olarak adlandırılarak konutların, Türkiye Standartları Enstitüsünün hazırladığı TS 825 verileri kullanılarak cephe duvarlarında oluşan ısı kayıpları hesaplanmıştır. Duvarlarında ki ısı kayıp değerleri belirlenen her bir konutun yapı form, yapı yönelim ve yapı kabuğu değişkenlerinin enerji performansına olan etkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Geleneksel konutların enerji performansları günümüz şartları ile belirlenen TS 825 verilerine göre konutlar kıyaslanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda Kahramanmaraş geleneksel konut yapılarının mevcut ısı kayıplarının, belirlenen standartlardan yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Isı kayıplarının en aza indirilip, enerji korunumunu artırmak adına konutlara iyileştirme önerileri sunulmuştur. Kültür Varlıkları olarak değerlendirilen geleneksel Kahramanmaraş evlerinin korunmasına yönelik yapılan restorasyon çalışmalarına, enerji verimli bir koruma modeli ile cephe duvar kesitlerine iyileştirme önerileri sunulmuştur. Öneri kapsamında geleneksel konutların günümüz ve gelecek şartlarına uyum sağlaması ile birlikte etkin enerji kullanımı gerçekleştirilmiş olacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Geleneksel Kahramanmaraş evleri, yapı, iklim, enerji
In recent conditions, where the importance of environment and energy efficiency is increasing day by day, buildings cause environmental problems with excessive energy consumption. Buildings must provide a sustainable future by providing efficient energy solutions. Traditional buildings, in different climatic zones, have design criteria compatible with the climate and are thought to have minimum energy consumption, have take the lead the present with years of experience and have become important sources for contemporary buildings with their designs. Traditional Kahramanmaraş houses were selected as research data within the scope of structure, climate and energy. The fact that traditional Kahramanmaraş houses are being used effectively today reveals the problem of how effective the thermal comfort criteria in buildings are. Due to this problem, it forms the basis of examining the thermal comfort conditions of traditional Kahramanmaraş houses and researching their effect on conservation of energy. The architectural and structural features of traditional houses in the Kahramanmaraş, which are the subject of the study, the climate data of the region and their effects on traditional architecture were examined. The energy performances of 10 residential buildings selected from traditional residential buildings were evaluated with a three-stage method. In the first stage, under the title of building design, settlement plan, form, space organization, use of material and structural system details were analyzed. In the second stage, the effects of the sun and wind direction on the building and the openings in the building were added to the analysis, taking into account the regional climate, and the facade orientation features of the buildings were analyzed. The final stage is called energy design and the heat losses on the facade walls of the buildings are calculated using the TS 825 data prepared by the Turkish Standards Institute. The effect of building form, orientation and envelope variables on the energy performance of each house, whose wall heat loss values were determined, was revealed. The energy performances of traditional houses have been compared and evaluated according to the TS 825 data determined with recent conditions. As a result of the evaluation, it has been seen that the heat losses of traditional residential buildings in Kahramanmaraş are above than the specified standards. Suggestions for improvement of the residences were given in order to minimize heat losses and save energy. Recommendations for the restoration of traditional Kahramanmaraş houses, which are considered as Cultural Heritage, with an energy-efficient design model and improvement of the facade wall sections were presented. Within the context of the proposal, effective energy use will be achieved by adapting traditional houses to recent and following conditions. Keywords: Kahramanmaraş traditional houses, structure, climate, energy
In recent conditions, where the importance of environment and energy efficiency is increasing day by day, buildings cause environmental problems with excessive energy consumption. Buildings must provide a sustainable future by providing efficient energy solutions. Traditional buildings, in different climatic zones, have design criteria compatible with the climate and are thought to have minimum energy consumption, have take the lead the present with years of experience and have become important sources for contemporary buildings with their designs. Traditional Kahramanmaraş houses were selected as research data within the scope of structure, climate and energy. The fact that traditional Kahramanmaraş houses are being used effectively today reveals the problem of how effective the thermal comfort criteria in buildings are. Due to this problem, it forms the basis of examining the thermal comfort conditions of traditional Kahramanmaraş houses and researching their effect on conservation of energy. The architectural and structural features of traditional houses in the Kahramanmaraş, which are the subject of the study, the climate data of the region and their effects on traditional architecture were examined. The energy performances of 10 residential buildings selected from traditional residential buildings were evaluated with a three-stage method. In the first stage, under the title of building design, settlement plan, form, space organization, use of material and structural system details were analyzed. In the second stage, the effects of the sun and wind direction on the building and the openings in the building were added to the analysis, taking into account the regional climate, and the facade orientation features of the buildings were analyzed. The final stage is called energy design and the heat losses on the facade walls of the buildings are calculated using the TS 825 data prepared by the Turkish Standards Institute. The effect of building form, orientation and envelope variables on the energy performance of each house, whose wall heat loss values were determined, was revealed. The energy performances of traditional houses have been compared and evaluated according to the TS 825 data determined with recent conditions. As a result of the evaluation, it has been seen that the heat losses of traditional residential buildings in Kahramanmaraş are above than the specified standards. Suggestions for improvement of the residences were given in order to minimize heat losses and save energy. Recommendations for the restoration of traditional Kahramanmaraş houses, which are considered as Cultural Heritage, with an energy-efficient design model and improvement of the facade wall sections were presented. Within the context of the proposal, effective energy use will be achieved by adapting traditional houses to recent and following conditions. Keywords: Kahramanmaraş traditional houses, structure, climate, energy
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mimarlık, Architecture
