A brief overview of mineral and metallurgical processing of marine ores
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Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Seas and oceans constitute about 70% of the earth’s surface. They contain an enormous stock of various mineral resources such as sedimentary (marine placers), massive sulfide ore deposits, manganese nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts. Sea and ocean floor ore deposits could well contribute to the meeting of ever-rising demand for raw materials in the metal industry. In this regard, more research and development in science and technology appear to be required to ensure maximum benefit from the mineral resources of seas and oceans. Since the 1960s, a variety of mineral and metallurgical processes have been studied and developed to deal with marine ores and to extract metals such as gold, nickel, copper, cobalt, manganese, tin, platinum group metals (PGM), zirconium, thorium, etc. In marine environments, there are many parameters which can affect the selection of the mineral and metallurgical processes. These include the extent and grade of the deposit, mineralogical and chemical properties of the deposit, and physical properties of minerals present with particular reference to particle size distribution and mineral liberation size. In this paper, we briefly review the latest trends in processing and extraction of marine mineral resources. Mineral processing technology is mostly applied for recovery of precious metals i.e. gold and PGM, in particular, from marine placers. In general, pre-treatment (sizing, classification, dewatering), gravity concentration techniques (shaking tables, spirals, jigs, etc.,), flotation, magnetic, and electrostatic separation are the options for enrichment of marine placer ore deposits. In the case of massive sulfides, manganese nodules/cobalt-rich crusts, hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods (as proven technological methods) can be exploited for extraction of metals from concentrates after physical separation or directly from marine ores. The hydrometallurgical treatments involve acid (e.g., sulfuric-hydrochloric) and alkaline (e.g., ammonia) leaching with different reducing agents and pre-treatments such as roasting. Alternatively, pyrometallurgical treatments involve mostly smelting, chlorination and segregation processes. © 2017 TAPPI Press. All rights reserved.
Açıklama
HATCH
28th International Mineral Processing Congress, IMPC 2016 -- 11 September 2016 through 15 September 2016 -- Quebec City -- 135047
28th International Mineral Processing Congress, IMPC 2016 -- 11 September 2016 through 15 September 2016 -- Quebec City -- 135047
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hydrometallurgy, Marine Minerals, Mineral processing, Pyrometallurgy
Kaynak
IMPC 2016 - 28th International Mineral Processing Congress
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
2016-September
