Offset-fed Slotted Antenna Practically Loaded with Split Ring as Water Quality Sensor for X-Band Industrial Applications

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dc.contributor.authorVarshney, Atul
dc.contributor.authorGençoğlan, Duygu Nazan
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-06T17:30:29Z
dc.date.available2025-01-06T17:30:29Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThis article describes the design, testing, and analysis of an offset-fed split ring-loaded slotted antenna for various water quality sensors. The antenna is designed to resonate at 10 GHz on a low-cost FR-4 substrate of dimensions 0.621?o×0.467?o×0.053?o, where ?o is the free space wavelength at the resonant frequency. The fabricated antenna finds excellent agreement with the measured antenna parameters. At 10 GHz, the antenna achieves a gain of 7.61 dBi, a nearly unidirectional radiation pattern, and a radiation efficiency of 76%. The research is further explored to use the antenna as a water sample sensor. The antenna is tested on various water samples by submerging it in them, and in the second scenario, contactless measurements at 10 mm away from the container's upper water level. The work examines the quality of the water by observing the shift in the resonant frequency (fr), the antenna quality factor with different total dissolved solvents (TDS) in the water samples, and changes in the reflection coefficient (S11) values. It is observed that the antenna shows less than 1.5% numerical sensitivity (NS) with fr, and high NS with the S11. The antenna's S11 and bandwidth vary and depending on the water sample. This antenna is suitable for X-band industrial and microwave laboratory applications. © 2024, Advanced Electromagnetics. All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.doi10.7716/aem.v13i2.2455
dc.identifier.endpage52
dc.identifier.issn2119-0275
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85202441739
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.startpage39
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i2.2455
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14669/1648
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAdvanced Electromagnetics
dc.relation.ispartofAdvanced Electromagnetics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241211
dc.subjectLow-cost
dc.subjectNumerical Sensitivity
dc.subjectOffset-fed
dc.subjectPermittivity
dc.subjectQuality Factor
dc.subjectSlot-antenna
dc.subjectSplit Ring
dc.subjectWater Quality Sensor
dc.titleOffset-fed Slotted Antenna Practically Loaded with Split Ring as Water Quality Sensor for X-Band Industrial Applications
dc.typeArticle

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