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    Determining the effect of tung biodiesel on thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic analyses at high engine speeds
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Sanli, Bengi; Guven, Onur; Ozcanli, Mustafa; Uludamar, Erinc
    Tung biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel type produced from the tung tree. In the current study, the effect of the addition of 20%, by volume, of tung biodiesel to diesel fuel was evaluated in terms of energetic-exergetic analyses based on the first and second laws of thermodynamic at various high engine speeds (2,400, 2,600, and 2,800 rpm). Additionally, this study aimed to assess the thermoeconomic and exergoeconomic aspects of a diesel engine. The findings revealed that the amount of energy converted to useful work for the diesel fuel was higher than that of the DTB20 fuel, even though the fuel energy obtained from DTB20 fuel was higher than that of diesel fuel at all engine speeds. The highest energy and exergy efficiencies for the engine fueled with diesel fuel were obtained as 31.07% and 29.15% respectively, while the corresponding values for the engine fueled with DTB20 fuel were determined as 27.15% and 25.19% at the engine speed of 2,400 rpm, respectively. However, at 2,800 rpm, a significant decrease in both the energy and exergy efficiencies was observed for both diesel and tung biodiesel blended fuels due to the increased mechanical friction of the engine components. Furthermore, at the highest engine speed, entropy generation increased, owing to a higher exergy destruction rate. The entropy generation rate increased to 0.38 kW/K for diesel fuel and 0.46 kW/K for DTB20 fuel since the enhancement of the engine speed caused the ascent of the fuel consumption rate. Regarding thermoeconomic-exergoeconomic analyses, for both diesel and tung biodiesel blended fuels, there is no distinct difference in the thermoeconomic-exergoeconomic parameters at 2,400 and 2,600 rpm as the values of these parameters at the engine speed of 2,800 rpm increased significantly. In light of all the findings, it can be concluded that the engine speed of 2,800 rpm is not applicable to run the engine due to higher friction and corresponding energy destruction in the engine system.
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    Effect of hydrogen addition in a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and canola biodiesel fuel: Energetic-exergetic, sustainability analyses
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Sanli, Bengi; Uludamar, Erinc
    In this study, the influence of diesel and biodiesel fuels with various flow rate of hydrogen (3 L per minute and 6 L per minute) addition through the intake manifold of a diesel engine was investigated at three different engine speed (1500 rpm, 1800 rpm, and 2100 rpm) by considering second law of thermodynamic as a different perspective. Energy, exergy, and sustainability analysis were evaluated by utilizing the data from the experi-ments. According to the results, it is enlightened that useful work energy ascends with the hydrogen addition in all engine speeds and the net work rates of all test fuels were found as highest at 1800 rpm engine speed while the rate of energy heat loss decreased with hydrogen addition. Furthermore, exergy input is also increased with the hydrogen addition to the engine whereas exergy destruction and exergy heat lost decreased with the increment of the hydrogen. The highest values of energy efficiency and exergy efficiency obtained at 1800 rpm engine speed by using diesel fuel with 6 L per minute hydrogen addition as 38.67 % and 35.09 %, respectively. The highest entropy generation occurred at 2100 rpm as 0.288 kW/K for the biodiesel fuel and the lowest value was observed as 0.201 kW/K for DH6 fuel at 1800 rpm. The analyses showed that the sustainability index values determined to be in the range of 1.437-1.541 and the increase in hydrogen ratio enhanced the sustainability index at all engine speeds and the DH6 and BH6 fuels are more sustainable fuels than the other experimental fuels.
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    Effect of hydroxy and hydrogen gas addition on diesel engine fuelled with microalgae biodiesel
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Uludamar, Erinc
    Owing to high growth rate, being non-edible, and environmental friendliness; microalgae is a promising third generation biodiesel raw material. In this study, hydrogen and hydroxy gas aspirated compression ignition engine which was fuelled with microalgae biodiesel and low sulphur diesel fuel blend were investigated in order to evaluate their combined effect. The results showed that the brake power and torque output of the test engine decreased with microalgae biodiesel usage. Moreover, microalgae biodiesel addition results in lower carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides emissions, and higher carbon dioxide. The introduction of hydrogen and hydroxy gas compensated the decrement of torque and power output and increment of carbon dioxide emission. The study enlightened that usage of microalgae biodiesel with hydrogen and hydroxy gas addition is a very promising combination from the environmental viewpoint. (C) 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of recycled polyethylene catalyst for Mediterranean pine seed shell biomass pyrolysis on hydrogen and methane production
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Yonet, Nuri; Uludamar, Erinc
    The present study exhibits the potential of hydrogen and methane gases production from the Mediterranean pine tree seed shell biomass over recycled polyethylene wastes as catalyst. In the study, firstly, the viscosity and density of polyethylene materials and degassing point were determined. The pyrolysis was carried out at a rate of 50 degrees C/min at 600 degrees C temperature. The obtained gases were analyzed with gas chromatography device. At the last step of the experiments, solid residues were observed under an optical microscope, and their microstructures were also examined. The results showed that Mediterranean pine seed shell biomass and its mixture with low-density polyethylene may produce methane and hydrogen gases. M8 catalyst, which has one of the lowest viscosity values (0.45 gr/10 min.) and highest density values (0.950 gr/cm3) produced the highest methane and hydrogen gas yields. In the pyrolysis experiments, 38.44% CH4, 19.50% CO2 and 42.06% H2 gases were obtained from Mediterranean pine seed shell biomass. Moreover, CO2 emission values of biomass were calculated and compared with DEFRA values. The study demonstrated that, since hydrogen and methane can be obtained through the pyrolysis process, Mediterranean pine tree seed shell can be classified as a new biomass source and has potential to alternative fuel to fossil-based fuels for internal combustion engines.
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    Effects of titanium-based additive with blends of butanol and diesel fuel on engine characteristics
    (Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2018) Yasar, Abdulkadir; Keskin, Ali; Yildizhan, Safak; Uludamar, Erinc; Ocakoglu, Kasim
    In this study, the effects of metal titanium dioxide and butanol additives on engine performance, combustion, emissions, vibration and noise characteristics were investigated experimentally. The experiments were conducted at various partial load conditions with diesel engine having variable compression ratio. Engine was fuelled with diesel fuel and butanol-diesel blends with titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based additive. The results revealed that the properties of the blend fuels with the additive did not change significantly compared to diesel fuel. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) values of the engine were improved with increment of alcohol ratio, especially at higher engine loads. Carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter emission values with blend fuels decreased up to 36.17% and 36.53%, respectively. Nitrogen oxide emission increased at low engine loads. Of all test fuels, engine noise and vibration values of B5T25 and B5T50 usually decreased, whereas those values of the other test fuels increased.
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    Emission and engine performance analysis of a diesel engine using hydrogen enriched pomegranate seed oil biodiesel
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Tuccar, Gokhan; Uludamar, Erinc
    The aim of this study is to determine the availability of pomegranate seed oil biodiesel (POB) as an alternative fuel in diesel engines and evaluate engine performance and emission characteristics of pure hydrogen enriched POB using diesel engine. For this purpose, the intake manifold of the test engine was modified and hydrogen enriched intake air was supplied throughout the experiments. Physical properties of POB and its blend with diesel fuel were also determined. The results showed that measured physical properties of POB are comparable with diesel fuel. According to engine performance experiments, although POB utilization has slight undesirable effects on some engine performance parameters such as brake power output and specific fuel consumption, it can be used as alternative fuel in diesel engines, by this way CO emission can be improved. Finally, hydrogen enrichment experiments indicated that pure hydrogen addition causes a slight improvement in both engine performance and exhaust emissions. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Emission and vibration analysis of diesel engine fuelled diesel fuel containing metallic based nanoparticles
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Yasar, Abdulkadir; Keskin, Ali; Yildizhan, Safak; Uludamar, Erinc
    This experimental study reports the results of emission and vibration characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engine with variable compression ratios (VCR) using nanoparticles added to diesel fuels. Three different nanoparticles namely, titanium (IV) dioxide (TiO2), copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)(2)) and cerium (III) acetate hydrate (Ce(CH3CO2)(3)center dot H2O) were used with conventional diesel fuel at the dosage of 25 ppm and 50 ppm in order to prepare the four different test fuels. The engine tests were implemented in a single cylinder diesel engine under 4 Nm and 8 Nm engine load at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm and at compression ratios (CR) of 17:1 and 18:1. The results showed that nanoparticles addition in the diesel fuels in ppm level did not caused any complications in the physicochemical properties but a slightly increase in heating value and cetane number. In addition, the combined effect of titanium dioxides and cerium acetate hydrate nanoparticles significantly reduced pollutants emissions regardless of NOx emissions. Especially, addition of cerium acetate hydrate into the blend fuels has become a dominant factor in the reduction of the harmful exhaust emissions. Furthermore, it was revealed that sound pressure level of engine block decreased with the addition of nanoparticles into diesel fuel which is parallel to vibration results.
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    Energy and exergy analysis of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel fuels at various engine speeds
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Sanli, Bengi Gozmen; Uludamar, Erinc
    Energy and exergy analysis of internal combustion engines is a key issue to find out an alternative fuel to conventional diesel fuel since the analyses are indicators of quantity and quality of energy resources. In the present study, exergy and energy analyses of a diesel engine were evaluated when the engine was fuelled with conventional diesel, hazelnut biodiesel, and canola biodiesel fuels. The results of the study depicted that fuel energy conversion to output power and exergy work rate decreased with biodiesel usage in all engine speed. The highest value of thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency were obtained at 1800 rpm for conventional diesel, hazelnut biodiesel, and canola biodiesel fuels. Analyses showed that the lowest destruction occurred at 1800 rpm for all test fuels with the value of 45.45%, 47.36%, and 47.41% for diesel, hazelnut biodiesel, and canola biodiesel, respectively. Furthermore, the entropy generation rate was the minimum at 1800 rpm engine speed for all test fuels.
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    Evaluation of diesel fuel-biodiesel blends with palladium and acetylferrocene based additives in a diesel engine
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Keskin, Ali; Yasar, Abdulkadir; Yildizhan, Safak; Uludamar, Erinc; Emen, Fatih Mehmet; Kulcu, Nevzat
    Influence of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends with acetylferrocene and palladium based additives on diesel engine performance and emissions were studied experimentally. The additives were dosed into the blend fuels as 25 ppm. Bis-[N,N-dimethyl-N'-2-chlorobenzoylthioureato] palladium (II), PdL2 was prepared as palladium based additive. The engine tests were carried out in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine at 4, 8, 12 and 16 Nm loads. The result of engine test revealed that the blend fuels with additives did not show the considerable effect on variation of cylinder pressure values. Also, specific fuel consumption (SFC) values with Ferrocene based additive showed comparatively better results than those of palladium based additives. Furthermore, CO and PM emissions decreased significantly up to 60.07% and 51.33%, respectively. Besides, at higher loads, NOx emissions values of the blend fuels increased, but decreased at lower loads. Moreover, Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and vibration acceleration values with the blend fuels decreased by 2.76% and 18.26%, respectively. As results, using of the metal based additives with dosage of 25 ppm contributed to improvement of SFC, emissions and vibration values for the diesel engines.
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    Evaluation of Effects of Compression Ratio on Performance, Combustion, Emission, Noise and Vibration Characteristics of a VCR Diesel Engine
    (Int Journal Renewable Energy Research, 2018) Yildizhan, Safak; Uludamar, Erinc; Ozcanli, Mustafa; Serin, Hasan
    In this study, an experimental study has been evaluated on a variable compression ratio diesel engine to investigate the compression ratio effects on engine performance, combustion, emission, vibration, and noise characteristics. The result of engine characteristics were studied at 12:1, 14:1, and 16:1 compression ratios under partial load condition. Experimental engine was operated with diesel, biodiesel and diesel-biodiesel blends throughout the experiments. Experimental study indicated that compression ratio considerably affects the engine characteristics that measured in this study. It is observed that in the experiments, higher compression ratio results in higher brake thermal efficiency and thus lower specific fuel consumption. Higher compression ratios resulted with higher cylinder pressure and thus improved combustion. Increasing compression ratio improved carbon monoxide emission, however, increased carbon dioxide emission and nitrogen oxides formation. Also, noise and vibration of the engine reduced with the increment of compression ratio.
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    Evaluation of energetic-exergetic and sustainability parameters of biodiesel fuels produced from palm oil and opium poppy oil as alternative fuels in diesel engines
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Sanli, Bengi Gozmen; Uludamar, Erinc; Ozcanli, Mustafa
    In present study, the energetic and exergetic performances of a diesel engine fueled with conventional diesel and various biodiesel fuels were investigated experimentally. Energetic and exergetic performance parameters of the engine fueled with neat diesel, neat opium poppy and neat palm biodiesel fuels were calculated and compared with each other. Moreover, the sustainability analysis was carried out in the study. The findings of this study indicated that the energetic and exergetic performance parameters were profoundly affected by the engine speed and the fuel type. Both the thermal and exergetic efficiencies were the highest at the engine speed of 1600 rpm for all tested fuels. At this engine speed, the lowest thermal efficiency of the engine occurred with palm biodiesel as 34.92%, while the highest thermal efficiency value was 35.85% with diesel fuel. The exergy efficiencies of corresponding fuel types ranged from 32.50% to 33.64% for palm biodiesel and diesel fuels, respectively. In addition, the difference between the exergy efficiencies of diesel fuel and opium poppy biodiesel fuel was about 0.90%. Both the energy and exergy efficiencies diminished with the increment of engine speed higher than 1600 rpm for all fuel types. The maximum values of sustainability index for all fuel types were obtained at the engine speed of 1600 rpm. The best exergetically- sustainable fuel was the diesel fuel followed by the opium poppy biodiesel fuel. According to the results, opium poppy biodiesel might replace with the conventional diesel fuel due to the similarity of energetic and exergetic performance parameters.
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    Evaluation of fuel consumption and vibration characteristic of a compression ignition engine fuelled with high viscosity biodiesel and hydrogen addition
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Celebi, Kerimcan; Uludamar, Erinc; Ozcanli, Mustafa
    Viscosity property of a fuel is a crucial point for internal combustion engine characteristics. Performance and emission parameters as well as injector's life of an engine is primarily effected by viscosity of the fuels. In present study, effect of high viscosity biodiesel fuels with hydrogen addition was investigated in a compression ignition engine. Biodiesels that are produced from Pongamia Pinnata and Tung oils were used as pure biodiesels as well as blended with low sulphur diesel fuel at the volume ratios of 50% and 75%. Furthermore, hydrogen gas was injected into intake manifold in order to evaluate its effect with the usage of high viscous liquid fuels. The results revealed that brake specific fuel consumption was increased with biodiesel fuels, whereas hydrogen addition into intake manifold improved the consumption. Total vibration acceleration of the engine reduced with biodiesel and hydrogen additions. Frequency spectrum indicated that this decrement was primarily lowered due to less energy transmitted through engine pistons that converted from chemical energy of fuels. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluation of vibration characteristics of a hydroxyl (HHO) gas generator installed diesel engine fuelled with different diesel-biodiesel blends
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Uludamar, Erinc; Tosun, Erdi; Tuccar, Gokhan; Yildizhan, Safak; Calik, Ahmet; Yildirim, Sefa; Serin, Hasan
    There are two main reasons of alternative fuel search of scientists: environmental problems resulted from combustion of fossil fuels and limited reserves of crude oil. Biodiesel and Hydrogen (H-2) are two of the most promising alternative fuels with their environmental friendly combustion profiles. The aim of this study was to evaluate vibration level of a hydroxyl (HHO) gas generator installed and diesel engine using different kinds of biodiesel fuels. In this study, at different flow rates, the effect of HHO gas addition on engine vibration performance was investigated with a Mitsubishi Canter 4D34 -2A diesel engine. HHO gas introduced to the test engine via its intake manifold with 2, 4 and 6 L per minute (LPM) flow rates when the engine was fuelled with sunflower, canola, and corn biodiesels. The vibration data was collected between 1200 and 2400 rpm engine speeds by 300 rpm intervals. Finally, artificial neural network (ANN) approach was conducted in order to predict the effect of fuel properties and HHO amount on engine vibration level. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Experimental and artificial neural network approach of noise and vibration characteristic of an unmodified diesel engine fuelled with conventional diesel, and biodiesel blends with natural gas addition
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Celebi, Kerimcan; Uludamar, Erinc; Tosun, Erdi; Yildizhan, Safak; Aydin, Kadir; Ozcanli, Mustafa
    Replacing conventional diesel fuel has gained great interest owing to environmental issues. Therefore all effect of alternative fuels must be well-known in order to forthcoming engine development concern. In this study acoustic and vibration effect of biodiesel and their blends were investigated on an unmodified diesel engine which enriched with natural gas. Throughout this work, experimental engine was fuelled with conventional diesel, sunflower and canola biodiesel blends with ratio of 20% and 40%, by volume. Furthermore, natural gas was inducted through intake manifold at various flow rates; 5 L/min, 10 L/min, and 15 L/min with intake air. Experiments revealed that, compared to conventional diesel fuel, sunflower and canola biodiesels decreased sound pressure level and vibration of the test engine. Addition of natural gas decreased the values even more. Furthermore, exhaust emission of the engine has been evaluated. Beside experimental study, an artificial neural network model was developed in order to predict sound pressure level and vibration of the engine. Artificial neural network results showed that, generated models were capable of estimation of parameters with high accuracy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Investigating the Effect of Weight Reduction of Rod-End in Drag-Link Product with Finite Element Analysis, Fatigue Test, and a Case Study
    (Korean Soc Automotive Engineers-Ksae, 2020) Uludamar, Erinc; Tas, Mustafa; Bicer, Sami Gokberk; Yildirim, Cihan; Yildirim, Ebru Aykut; Celebi, Kerimcan
    The connection surfaces of drag-link must be tough and safe enough to carry transmitted forces that exert on the product in service conditions. Therefore, undulated forming takes place in machining process to stay the rod-ends in the rod. In the rod-end, after forming process, a straight part which remains on the body causes extra cost and weight on the product. In this study, the result of shortening of rod-end which was produced from C45+N quality steel was investigated by comparing with the unmodified rod-end. The comparison was carried out by fatigue test and Finite Element Analysis. The results showed that the cropped part has almost no effect on the durability of the product. It is measured that the modification result with 0,082 kg weight reduction on each rod-end and 5 seconds shortening of machining process were observed by the modification on rod-end. The effect of modification on the part was examined in a case study. The case study indicated that annual expenses of raw material lowered by $9.124,56 and total cost decreased by $11.480,20.
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    Optimisation of exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of unmodified diesel engine fuelled with canola biodiesel-diesel blends with natural gas addition by using response surface methodology
    (Edp Sciences S A, 2024) Ozgur, Ceyla; Uludamar, Erinc; Soyhan, Hakan Serhad; Shah, Raja Mazuir Raja Ahsan
    The paper presents methods to determine the optimum input parameters of CNG addition, biodiesel blend ratio, and engine speed to improve engine responses in terms of exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of CNG-biodiesel-diesel fuelled engines. Box-Behnken based on response surface methodology was used to predict and optimise input parameters. Variance analysis was applied to determine the significant relationship between the input parameters and engine responses. At optimum input parameters (CNG addition = 9.24 L/min, biodiesel blend ratio = 40%, engine speed = 1524.24 rpm), the optimum engine responses of NOx, CO, CO2, O2, engine vibration acceleration, and noise were 93.77 ppm, 438.05 ppm, 1.47%, 18.59%, 37.17 m/s2 and 91.34 dB[A], respectively. In terms of coefficient determination of R2, the values were 99.11%, 99.22%, 99.41%, 99.70%, 98.65%, and 98.60% respectively. The correlation between the optimised result and the engine test result showed an acceptable error limit for NOx, CO, CO2, O2, engine vibration acceleration, and noise as 4.2%, 3.8%, 4.9%, 0.25%, 4.12%, and 0.17%, respectively.
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    Optimization of exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of a hydrogen enriched fuelled diesel engine
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Uludamar, Erinc; Ozgur, Ceyla
    In this study, the effects of various input parameters are examined on exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of an unmodified diesel engine. The primary aim of this study is to optimize the vibration, noise, and exhaust emissions of the engine to get optimal config-uration parameters. Experiments were carried out on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-hydrogen blends. To minimize the number of experi-ments Box-Behnken design (BBD) has been adopted. Optimum desirability is found as 0.862 with hydrogen addition of 4.63 L/min, fuel blend of 26.8% and 1500 rpm engine speed for the diesel engine. When the diesel engine is operated at 1500 rpm engine speed and fuelled with 4.63 L/min hydrogen addition and 26.8% biodiesel blend ratio; the optimum responses of CO, CO2, NOx, vibration, and noise are established as 214 ppm, 1.35%, 90.4 ppm, 38.6 m/s2, and 91.3 dB[A], respectively. The predicted values were confirmed experimentally and the errors in predicted values are found in a limit range.(c) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.