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Öğe A Review on Wind Power Forecasting Regarding Impacts on the System Operation, Technical Challenges, and Applications(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Depci, Tolga; Inci, Mustafa; Savrun, Murat Mustafa; Buyuk, MehmetWind power forecasting's (WPF) technical improvements exhibit that the smooth forecasting of wind power is essential in executing operational management like energy balance, grid reliability, scheduling maintenance, and selection of site location for investment. However, there seems to be a lack of detailed work to guide researchers working on WPF applications and technical challenges. In the current study, a significant number of scientific studies have been reviewed and evaluated as references to help and guide researchers working in this field. Detailed content about the development of WPF, power system operation, and sectorial contributions are presented in this article. In power system operation, the operations like day-ahead operation and operation day are expressed in the event of WPF. The contributions and key factors of WPF in the energy sector are listed in trend technologies, employment, marketing, and power plants. Then, requirements and technical challenges affecting WPF are considered in terms of application requirements, regulatory requirements, atmospheric challenges, and operational difficulties. Subsequently, the process applications of WPF are handled to give detailed information for researchers and engineers working in WPF. Lastly, the applications like observing and tracking, technical planning, and investment issues are explained.Öğe Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system combined with genetic algorithm to improve power extraction capability in fuel cell applications(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Savrun, Murat Mustafa; Inci, MustafaThis study introduces an improved ANFIS based MPPT method to maximize the power extraction capability of the FC-connected system. The proposed method is tested in a stand-alone system that consists of an FC in the power rating of 1.9 kW, a boost dc-dc converter, local consumer load, and processor unit. The energy transfer between FC and load is handled through the adjustment of a duty cycle of the dc-dc converter. In this context, the output voltage of FC is controlled by the duty cycle to track the MPP. The proposed method called GA-ANFIS computes optimum reference voltages to control the FC output voltage optimally. The GA-ANFIS uses a reduced-size training dataset extracted by GA to train the ANFIS in comparison with conventional ANFIS. Unlike the existing methods, the proposed method tracks the MPP by merely monitoring FC voltage during operation. Besides, it performs precise MPP tracking by considering pressure & temperature variations. Thus, the proposed method provides reduced computational load owing to its current features. The performance of the proposed method compared with the traditional methods like ANFIS and PI. The power extraction ratings and efficiency values validate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed method (>98%). (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All reserved.Öğe Analysis and modeling of wireless power transfer supported by quadratic boost converter interfaced fuel cell power source(Wiley, 2022) Buyuk, Mehmet; Savrun, Murat Mustafa; Inci, MustafaThis study presents a novel wireless power transfer (WPT) system structure that transmits electrical energy from a fuel cell (FC) stack integrated with a quadratic boost converter (QBC). The main objective of the proposed study is to provide a high voltage conversion QBC based WPT system to transfer power from a low voltage FC energy unit. To adjust the power flow from the FC unit with nonlinear production behavior, a pre-regulating WPT system is developed with QBC located on the transmitting side. Besides, the design procedure of the system with analytical equations is expressed in detail. To validate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed WPT system, a 100 W proof-of-concept model is developed with Horizon H-100, and analyzed for different case studies, including dynamic operating and loading conditions. The constructed WPT system is performed for 80%, 90%, and 100% loading situations. At full loading, the performance results show that the load-side consumes power in the rating of 77.8 W while the FC power source generates approximately 93.1 W. In this case, the efficiency of the system corresponds to 83.6%. Besides, the efficiency of the complete system is analyzed under various operating conditions.Öğe Capacitor Current Feedback Active Damping for Shunt Active Power Filter with Output LLCL Filter(IEEE, 2017) Buyuk, Mehmet; Inci, Mustafa; Tan, Adnan; Tumay, MehmetA high-order LLCL has excellent attenuation performance of ripple harmonics generated by VSI. The LLCL filter is especially effective at switching frequency to mitigate the switching ripple harmonics. However, like the other high-order filters, LLCL filter has resonance problem, which must be damped to have stable system. In literature, passive damping and active damping methods are proposed for grid-connected VSI. However, the active damping techniques have not been considered for SAPF with LLCL filter yet. Thus, in this paper, LLCL filter for Shunt Active Power Filter with Active Damping method is proposed and analyzed to suppress the resonance of LLCL filter and stabilize the control of SAPF.Öğe Capacitor current feedback active damping for Shunt Active Power Filter with output LLCL filter(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Buyuk, Mehmet; Inci, Mustafa; Tan, Adnan; Tumay, MehmetA high-order LLCL has excellent attenuation performance of ripple harmonics generated by VSI. The LLCL filter is especially effective at switching frequency to mitigate the switching ripple harmonics. However, like the other high-order filters, LLCL filter has resonance problem, which must be damped to have stable system. In literature, passive damping and active damping methods are proposed for grid-connected VSI. However, the active damping techniques have not been considered for SAPF with LLCL filter yet. Thus, in this paper, LLCL filter for Shunt Active Power Filter with Active Damping method is proposed and analyzed to suppress the resonance of LLCL filter and stabilize the control of SAPF. © 2017 EMO (Turkish Chamber of Electrical Enginners).Öğe Design and analysis of a high energy efficient multi-port dc-dc converter interface for fuel cell/battery electric vehicle-to-home (V2H) system(Elsevier, 2022) Savrun, Murat Mustafa; Inci, Mustafa; Buyuk, MehmetIn this study, a novel interface topology called T-type isolated multi-port converter (T-iMPC) is proposed for integrating multi electric vehicles (EVs) with energy-consuming homes in DC microgrid. The proposed converter interface is purposed to use energy units of two different EVs for integration and supervise optimal energy flow between EVs and consumer homes. In the designed system, an FCEV and a BEV are implemented as energy units to manage electrical energy for the vehicle-to-home (V2H) concept. In this context, three energy flow modes are considered for the proposed system: (i) FCEV and BEV are suppliers, (ii) FCEV is supplier, BEV is consumer, and (iii) FCEV is the only supplier. In order to validate the efficacy of the converter operation, a control algorithm is developed to keep the output voltages at a balanced state. The proposed topology is examined under various case studies, including the dynamic load profile of homes for one day and different energy supply modes for FCEV/ BEV energy units. Besides, the proposed system is analyzed under various conditions. An assessment and comparison of efficiency involving existing topologies applied in V2H systems are also provided to show the benefits of the proposed converter interface for V2H system in different operating conditions.Öğe Design and analysis of fuel cell vehicle-to-grid (FCV2G) system with high voltage conversion interface for sustainable energy production(Elsevier, 2021) Inci, Mustafa; Buyuk, Mehmet; Savrun, Murat Mustafa; Demir, Mehmet HakanThis study proposes the more effective use of fuel cell (FC) vehicles by providing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies that provide the integration of transportation and electricity networks. The main objective of the current study is to develop an FCV2G system with a high voltage conversion interface for the integration of low voltage FC energy units to utility-grids. To transfer the energy from the fuel cell vehicle (FCV) to the grid/homes with high efficiency, a single-switch high voltage conversion DC-DC converter is proposed, designed and implemented in the FCV2G system. The FCV2G with the proposed converter is analyzed for different operating modes in order to validate the smooth energy transfer with maximum power extraction capability. In the performance section, an FC in the rating of 20 kW (based on Pininfarina Sintesi model) is located in the energy generation unit of FCV2G, and a dynamic load profile is operated for 24 h period. The generated energy from FCV is supplied to consumer loads and electric grids in the rating of 220 Vrms/50 Hz. In the analysis section, during low load consumption, the FCV both meets the energy need of the load, and the excess energy is supplied into the grid. In cases where the homes? energy consumption is higher than the power rating produced by the FCV, the load absorbs the maximum power generated by the FCV and meets the power difference needing from the grid. In the designed model, FCV supplies a 44.06 kW h energy to consumer loads/grids per a day. After the system analysis, economic aspects are supported through energy and profit analysis of the FCV2G system. The results verify that the purchased price from grid-electricity significantly reduces to lower values for daily operation.Öğe Improvement of energy harvesting capability in grid-connected photovoltaic micro-inverters(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Celik, Ozgur; Tan, Adnan; Inci, Mustafa; Teke, AhmetIn this paper, a multi-stage micro-inverter system depending on a dual neutral point clamped (D-NPC) inverter is developed for low power photovoltaic (PV) applications. The primary objectives of this study are determined as improving the performance of the proposed D-NPC inverter-based micro-inverter and its controller to ensure better system reliability and promote the overall efficiency. In comparison with conventional systems, the designed system provides many advantages: (1) utilization of lower rating switching components, (2) reduced switching frequency and voltage stress, (3) reduced the size of filter components, (4) higher efficiency, and (5) lower total harmonic distortion (THD). The weighted efficiency of the system is remarkably increased by the value of 2.15% compared to the conventional micro-inverter and reached 93.73%. Furthermore, the THD value of the output current is measured below 3% for the proposed system with the small size of passive filtering elements. Further, dynamic grid support and anti-islanding detection capabilities are provided through the utilized controller structure to fulfill grid codes. Consequently, obtained results demonstrate that the improved system can be a considerable candidate for photovoltaic micro-inverter applications in terms of weighted efficiency, output current THD, and reasonable cost.Öğe Integrating electric vehicles as virtual power plants: A comprehensive review on vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concepts, interface topologies, marketing and future prospects(Elsevier, 2022) Inci, Mustafa; Savrun, Murat Mustafa; Celik, OzgurGlobal factors such as energy consumption and environmental issues encourage the utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) as alternative energy sources besides transportation. Recently, the development of virtual power plants integrated with clean energy sources has also enhanced the role of EVs in the transportation industry. Vehicle -grid integration (VGI) provides a practical and economical solution to improve energy sustainability and feed consumers on the user side. Although technical developments in the field show that the energy sector supports the effective use of EVs in stationary applications, the research studies confirm that scientific and industrial developments continue to improve the performance of using EVs as virtual power plants. However, a compre-hensive study is needed to demonstrate the concepts, interfacing, and marketing of virtual power plants inte-grated with EVs for researchers and scientists working in this field. To this end, the current study aims to provide an extensive overview on the system configurations, interface topologies, marketing, and future perspectives in integrating EVs as virtual power plants. In this context, the integration concepts of VGI are investigated under the headings of stand-alone, grid-connected, transitional, and grid-supported operations. Then, VGI topologies are examined in terms of energy generation/storage units used in EVs, single-stage/two-stage/hybrid-multi-stage based systems, and grid-connection types & parameters. In the following section, the research projects and marketing values based on a large number of target data are introduced to show the current status of the VGI field. Lastly, future aspects, including charging strategies, intelligent technologies, and technical issues, are addressed and clarified.Öğe MVT Controlled Voltage Restorer for Fault-Ride Through Capability(IEEE, 2017) Inci, Mustafa; Buyuk, Mehmet; Tan, Adnan; Bayindir, Kamil Cagatay; Tumay, MehmetVoltage dips are the most harmful disturbances which may affect the voltage stability of wind turbines. In these voltage dip conditions, stator/rotor currents and electrical torque increase to fairly high values with failing of voltage stability. In order to provide voltage stability after the faults of voltage dips, the faults must be compensated fast and accurately. The main contribution in this study is that missing voltage technique (MVT) based controller method is tested in dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to mprove fault ride through (FRT) capability in grid connected wind systems. The proposed method controlled DVR is performed for symmetrical and asymmetrical faults in grid connected wind energy systems by using PSCAD/EMDTC power system simulator program. The case studies demonstrate the superior and effective compensation results.Öğe MVT controlled voltage restorer for fault-ride through capability(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Inci, Mustafa; Buyuk, Mehmet; Tan, Adnan; Bayindir, Kamil Cagatay; Tumay, MehmetVoltage dips are the most harmful disturbances which may affect the voltage stability of wind turbines. In these voltage dip conditions, stator/rotor currents and electrical torque increase to fairly high values with failing of voltage stability. In order to provide voltage stability after the faults of voltage dips, the faults must be compensated fast and accurately. The main contribution iin this study is that missing voltage technique (MVT) based controller method is tested in dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to mprove fault ride through (FRT) capability in grid connected wind systems. The proposed method controlled DVR is performed for symmetrical and asymmetrical faults in grid connected wind energy systems by using PSCAD/EMDTC power system simulator program. The case studies demonstrate the superior and effective compensation results. © 2017 EMO (Turkish Chamber of Electrical Enginners).Öğe Power System Integration of Electric Vehicles: A Review on Impacts and Contributions to the Smart Grid(Mdpi, 2024) Inci, Mustafa; Celik, Ozgur; Lashab, Abderezak; Bayindir, Kamil Cagatay; Vasquez, Juan C.; Guerrero, Josep M.In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular, bringing about fundamental shifts in transportation to reduce greenhouse effects and accelerate progress toward decarbonization. The role of EVs has also experienced a paradigm shift for future energy networks as an active player in the form of vehicle-to-grid, grid-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-vehicle technologies. EVs spend a significant part of the day parked and have a remarkable potential to contribute to energy sustainability as backup power units. In this way, EVs can be connected to the grid as stationary power units, providing a range of services to the power grid to increase its reliability and resilience. The available systems show that EVs can be used as alternative energy sources for various network systems like smart grids, microgrids, and virtual power plants besides transportation. While the grid-EV connection offers various contributions, it also has some limitations and effects. In this context, the current study highlights the power system impacts and key contributions of EVs connected to smart grids. Regarding the power system impacts in case of EV integration into smart grids, the challenges and difficulties are categorized under the power system stability, voltage/current distortions, load profile, and power losses. Voltage/current distortions like sags, unbalances, harmonics, and supraharmonics are also detailed in the study. Subsequently, the key contributions to the smart grid in terms of energy management, grid-quality support, grid balancing, and socio-economic impacts are explained. In the energy management part, issues such as power flow, load balancing, and renewable energy integration are elaborated. Then, the fault ride-through capability, reactive power compensation, harmonic mitigation, and grid loss reduction are presented to provide information on power quality enhancement. Lastly, the socio-economic impacts in terms of employment, net billing fees, integration with renewable energy sources, and environmental effects are elucidated in the present study.Öğe Sliding mode control for fuel cell supported battery charger in vehicle-to-vehicle interaction(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Inci, Mustafa; Buyuk, Mehmet; Ozbek, Necdet SinanIn typical vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging systems, energy transfer is provided from a battery electric vehicle (BEV) to charge the energy storage unit of another BEV. In this study, the utilization of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) as an energy provider is purposed to charge the energy storage unit of a BEV in V2V interaction. Since FCEVs are filled with hydrogen, it also eliminates the disadvantages of traditional BEV energy providers, such as a reduction in the amount of stored energy and the need for more time to charge fully. In the designed system, a new plug-in external V2V battery charger topology supported by an FCEV has been proposed to supply electrical energy. In order to control the energy transfer between electric vehicles (EVs), a sliding mode controller is adapted to manage the external converter interface located between vehicles. The designed controller shows improved robustness against the system dynamics uncertainties and disturbances generated by a variety of internal and external causes. In the designed section, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the maximum operational rating of 75 kW is used as an energy provider to feed consumer loads. The proposed system has been designed and analyzed for several loading situations from 20% to 100% loading and obtained performance results have been compared with a conventional controlled V2V battery charger system. The case studies validate that the proposed V2V charger system gives better results than the conventional controlled FC-supported V2V. The stability and robustness of output electrical waveforms are better for the designed system. In this context, the tracking error of the conventional controller is about 8% larger than that of the designed sliding mode control for dynamic load changes. The sliding mode controller has a faster settling time (approximately 0.12 s) in comparison with the conventional controlled V2V charger system. Also, mean absolute error values verify that the designed sliding mode controller operates smoothly under all cases except load transition compared to the typical control method. As a result, the case studies show that satisfactory results have been obtained for the designed system.
