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    Development and structural assessment of whey protein isolate/sunflower seed oil biocomposite film
    (Elsevier, 2019) Erdem, Burcu Gokkaya; Diblan, Sevgin; Kaya, Sevim
    The overall aim of this research was to investigate effect of sunflower oil addition on formation of whey protein based biocomposite edible films. The biocomposite films were prepared through an emulsion technique by dispersing three different ratios of sunflower oil (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%) in whey protein isolate medium. Moisture content, solubility in water, water sorption kinetic, swelling index, contact angle, color, whiteness, and opacity index of the films were examined. Thermal, barrier, and mechanical properties were tested. Particle size distribution and surface microstructure of the films were also analyzed. The moisture content of the biocomposite films was not affected with sunflower oil addition but the solubility showed reducing tendency. Increasing oil content increased contact angle. Although color parameters, whiteness index, and total color were not affected significantly by oil addition whereas the opacity index of the biocomposite films was determined to be higher than the control film (no sunflower oil present). Glass transition value of the control film was significantly lower than those of emulsified films (p <0.05). All of the film forming emulsions showed bimodal particle size distribution with two major peaks. The results showed that despite the low oil amount in biocomposite film composition, oil addition had a positive effect on the water vapor and oxygen barrier properties of the films. It was understood that low amount of sunflower oil increased the hydrophobic property of the films without any adverse change in the barrier and optical characters of the films. (C) 2019 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Sorption, diffusivity, permeability and mechanical properties of chitosan, potassium sorbate, or nisin incorporated active polymer films
    (Springer India, 2020) Diblan, Sevgin; Erdem, Burcu Gokkaya; Kaya, Sevim
    The active multilayer packaging films were formed from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide containing a 2% antimicrobial agent in one of the LDPE sides of the film (LDPE/polyamide/LDPE-2% antimicrobial agent). The antimicrobial agents used were potassium sorbate (PS-film), nisin (N-film), or chitosan (CTS-film). The effects of antimicrobial incorporation on water vapor permeability (P), diffusivity (D-eff), and solubility (S-o and S-H) of the active and control films (LDPE/polyamide/LDPE) were investigated. A dynamic vapor sorption analyzer (DVS) was used to estimate the sorption isotherms of the films at 25 degrees C. Peleg was found to be the best equation to describe sorption behaviors. The addition of PS and nisin into the film matrix resulted in a lower P than that of the control film. The D-eff values of the active films were lower than those of control films, except for the CTS-film. The high water-holding capacity of PS and nisin might limit the D-eff of the respective films. It was found that Henry's law was applicable to relate P, D-eff, and S-o and S-H values of the multilayer film [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.909-0.971]. The mechanical and thermal properties of the active films were not significantly affected by the incorporation of PS and nisin (p > 0.05). However, the impact of stress and elongation (transverse direction) on the CTS-film was lower than on other films, which indicated that chitosan improved the mechanical properties of the film.