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    Production of L-asparaginase from Candida utilis by solid-state fermentation: a comprehensive assessment of its antiproliferative potential on glioblastoma cells
    (Springer, 2025) Alkis, Meryem Damla Ozdemir; Ipek, Semih Latif; Tulek, Ahmet; Gunduz, Cennet Pelin Boyaci; Gokturk, Dilek
    L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme that depletes asparagine, a key amino acid for cancer cell survival, producing aspartic acid and ammonia. Beyond its food industry applications, L-ASNase is a clinically important agent against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, L-ASNase was produced and purified from Candida utilis via solid-state fermentation. Optimization on wheat bran identified 2 mL inoculation volume, 60% moisture, and a 4-day fermentation period as the optimal conditions, yielding 172.5 U/mL activity. The purified enzyme was tested against glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines, showing IC50 values of 0.4 U/mL for U87MG and 1.8 U/mL for T98G, with minimal toxicity toward normal HaCaT cells. Apoptotic effects were confirmed by DAPI/F-actin and Giemsa staining, while wound healing and clonogenic assays revealed inhibition of cell migration and colony formation. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated downregulation of the Survivin gene, a key survival regulator. These findings highlight L-ASNase's potent antiproliferative, anti-migratory, and pro-apoptotic effects, underscoring its potential as an adjuvant therapy for GBM.
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    Recombinant Expression of L-methioninase from Brevibacterium linens and Evaluation of its Anticarcinogenic Properties against MiaPaCa-2 Cells
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2025) Ipek, Semih Latif; Alkis, Meryem Damla Ozdemir; Tulek, Ahmet; Gokturk, Dilek
    Introduction This study aimed to investigate the anti-carcinogenic effects of recombinant L-methioninase (rBlmet) on the pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2.Methods In this study, rBlmet was initially cloned, expressed, and purified. To increase enzyme activity, the His-tags on the enzyme were removed using thrombin. rBlmet was then applied to MiaPaCa-2 cells, and the cell viability of MiaPaCa-2 cells was evaluated by neutral red assay after rBlmet treatment. The combined effect of etoposide with rBlmet against MiaPaCa-2 cells was also evaluated for 12 and 24 hours using a neutral red assay. Furthermore, cell morphology was evaluated by Giemsa and DAPI/F-actin staining methods. Survivin and caspase-3 gene expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR.Results and Discussion The specific activity of the enzyme increased after His-tag elimination to 5.62 mu mol/mg per minute. rBlmet showed a significant cytotoxic effect on the MiaPaCa-2 cell line. The IC50 value (24 h) of rBlmet for MiaPaCa-2 cells was 3.02 U/mL. In addition, rBlmet increased the cytotoxic effect of etoposide on the MiaPaCa-2 cell line, while it showed less effect on HaCat, which is a normal human cell line. Furthermore, rBlmet increased caspase-3 expression and downregulated survivin gene expression in MiaPaCa-2 cell lines.It successfully inhibited the growth of Mia-PaCa-2 cells by exploiting exogenous methionine amino acid in the growth medium. This study revealed promising results. However, further studies are needed on additional pancreatic cancer cell lines and in vivo models.Conclusion Based on these findings, it can be concluded that rBlmet not only has great potential to treat pancreatic cancer in the future but can also be used as an adjuvant to enhance the effectiveness ofchemotherapeutic agents like etoposide.