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    Compact metasurface antenna for Sub-6 GHz applications with isolated n77/n78 bands using CSRR
    (IOP Publishing Ltd, 2025) Varshney, Atul; Kumar, Satyam; Gencoglan, Duygu Nazan; Tiwari, Satyam; Ara, Shabnam; Elfergani, Issa; Zebiri, Chemseddine; Rodriguez, Jonathan
    A compact (0.35 lambda 0 x 0.35 lambda 0 where lambda 0 is free space wavelength at the lower resonance frequency 3.50 GHz) bio-inspired tulip flower-shaped antenna (TFSA) is proposed. A double negative (DNG) metamaterial complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is introduced near the feed in the hybrid triangular-circular patch which inserts a notch-band (4.20-4.38 GHz) in the wide bandwidth (3.15-7.05 GHz) and makes the antenna response dual-band. Consequently, this results in in-band interference reduction in 5G-Sub-6 GHz applications. A slotted FSS is placed at a distance of 28.507 mm beneath the monopole-reduced ground of the antenna to enhance the reduced gain from 4.39 dBi to 7.22 dBi. A further gain is improved to 12.84 dBi by placing a full copper surface (0.35 lambda 0 x 0.35 lambda 0 ) as the reflector layer is placed below FSS at 1.6 mm. Finally, prototyped TFSA with FSS and reflector model achieve a dual bands reflection coefficient response (3.15-4.20 GHz): n77/n78, and (4.38-7.03 GHz): n46/n47/n96/n102/n79. The antenna reflection coefficient is tested using Keysight 14 GHz FieldFox Microwave Analyzer N9916A, and radiation patterns in the E-plane and H-plane are measured using an 18 GHz anechoic chamber. The comparison of simulated results with measured results is found an excellent match in bandwidth and with shapes of gain radiation patterns. The reflector and FSS jointly make the radiation pattern strong in the E-plane above the TFSA radiator. The antenna is well suited for n77/n78 (3.30-4.20 GHz), n79(4.40-4.99 GHz), n46 (5150-5925 MHz), n47 (5855-5925 MHz), n96/n102 (5925-6425 MHz), 5.8 GHz HiperLAN, WiMAX 3.5 GHz applications. An electrical equivalent circuit model of the proposed TFSA antenna is presented and validated using ADS software.