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    Effects of Cu, Zn and their mixtures on bioaccumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities in Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    (Springer, 2022) Mese, Yagmur; Tuncsoy, Benay; Ozalp, Pinar
    The effects of Cu, Zn and their mixture on bioaccumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities of midgut and fat body of Galleria mellonella larvae were investigated. Exposure to mixtures of both metals showed a synergistic effect and the accumulation levels were increased in both tissues. When the metals were exposed separately the concentration of Zn increased in both tissues, whereas the concentration of Cu increased in midgut and decreased in fat body. Also, it was determined that, oxidative stress occurred in the midgut and fat body when G. mellonella larvae were fed singly and in a mixture with different concentrations of Cu and Zn. In addition, significant changes were observed in antioxidant and detoxification enzyme activities, which are an indicator of oxidative stress. Larvae of G. mellonella showed immune responses similar to vertebrates, and could be used as bioindicator species due to being grown easily in the laboratory and reduced research costs Understanding the detoxification mechanism in insects is an important parameter for future ecotoxicological studies on the genotoxic, cytotoxic and physiological effects that different environmental pollutants such as heavy metals can cause.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Effects of Cu, Zn and their mixtures on bioaccumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities in Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    (Springer, 2022) Mese, Yagmur; Tuncsoy, Benay; Ozalp, Pinar
    The effects of Cu, Zn and their mixture on bioaccumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities of midgut and fat body of Galleria mellonella larvae were investigated. Exposure to mixtures of both metals showed a synergistic effect and the accumulation levels were increased in both tissues. When the metals were exposed separately the concentration of Zn increased in both tissues, whereas the concentration of Cu increased in midgut and decreased in fat body. Also, it was determined that, oxidative stress occurred in the midgut and fat body when G. mellonella larvae were fed singly and in a mixture with different concentrations of Cu and Zn. In addition, significant changes were observed in antioxidant and detoxification enzyme activities, which are an indicator of oxidative stress. Larvae of G. mellonella showed immune responses similar to vertebrates, and could be used as bioindicator species due to being grown easily in the laboratory and reduced research costs Understanding the detoxification mechanism in insects is an important parameter for future ecotoxicological studies on the genotoxic, cytotoxic and physiological effects that different environmental pollutants such as heavy metals can cause.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on bioaccumulation, antioxidant defense and immune system of Galleria mellonella L.
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Tuncsoy, Benay; Mese, Yagmur
    Nanomaterials of different sizes and diameters are frequently used in various industrial areas, due to the rapid development of nanotechnology. Hence, it leads to toxic effects on the environment and non-target organisms, and adverse effects such as oxidative stress and membrane damage in cells and tissues are occurred. Some biomarkers such as the accumulation of intermediate products, detoxification of the immune system, or xenobiotic are used in the detection of toxic effects of exogenous substances in living organisms. In this study, the effects on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzyme activities to determine the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs on antioxidant defense system, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity to determine their neurotoxic effects, and total hemocyte count (THC) to determine their effect on the immune system were investigated in model organism Galleria mellonella larvae. It was determined that major amounts of Ti were mostly eliminated through the Malpighian tubules. Moreover, TiO2 NPs in different concentrations caused the formation of reactive oxygen species in G. mellonella and lead to an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Decreases were found in THC due to the TiO2 NP application. As a result, it was concluded that TiO2 NPs caused accumulation in tissues of the model organism G. mellonella, resulting in oxidative stress and has adverse effects on the immune system.