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    MiR-9 promotes the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting KLF5
    (2019) Lu, Xiaochun; Ma, Shi-Tang; Zhou, Bo; Lı, Tieling
    Background/aim: Diabetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are characterized by increased proliferation and migration. Smallnoncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered critical modulators of the VSMC phenotypic switch after an environmentalstimulus. However, microRNA in high glucose-induced proinflammation and its atherogenic effect is still ambiguous.Materials and methods: The technique of qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression of miR-9 in VSMCs. The downstream signalingprotein relative to miR-9 regulation, Krüppel-like factor 5, and some marker genes of contractile VSMCs were analyzed by westernblotting and qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the expression of KLF5, which is regulated by miR-9. To examinethe function of a miR-9 inhibitor in VSMC proliferation and migration, VSMC proliferation and migration assays were performed.Results: Reduced transcriptional levels of miR-9 and expression of specific genes of contractile VSMCs were observed in the SMC cellline C-12511 treated with high glucose and SMCs, which were isolated from db/db mice. Moreover, the activity of KLF5 3?-UTR wasdramatically reduced by a miR-9 mimic and increased by a miR-9 inhibitor. The proliferation and migration of SMCs were reduced bythe miR-9 mimic.Conclusion: miR-9 inhibits the proliferation and migration of SMC by targeting KLF5 in db/db mice.