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Öğe A novel isogeometric beam element based on mixed form of refined zigzag theory for thick sandwich and multilayered composite beams(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Kefal, Adnan; Hasim, Kazim Ahmet; Yildiz, MehmetThis study presents a highly accurate, computationally efficient, and novel isogeometric beam element, named as IG - RZT((m)), whose formulation is derived by using the kinematic assumptions and a priori transverse-shear stress continuity conditions of mixed form of the refined zigzag theory, known as RZT((m)). Both the displacement field and geometry of the beam is approximated by using non-rational B-spline (NURBS) basis functions and the IG - RZT((m)) element accommodates only four degrees-of-freedom at each control point. Since the present formulation incorporates isogeometric analysis into the RZT((m)) theory, it provides various advantages for displacement and stress analysis of thin/thick composite beams such as high-order continuity representation and simple mesh refinement. Furthermore, the utilization of RZT((m)) theory within the current beam formulation enables the calculation of nonlinear transverse-shear stress variations through the thickness of highly anisotropic beams without any post-processing. Various numerical analysis are performed to validate the accuracy of the IG - RZT((m)) element and its wide range of applicability including beams with a resin-rich damage zone. Comparisons with analytic solutions and high-fidelity finite element models demonstrate the superior accuracy and practical applicability of the present formulation, especially making the IG - RZT((m)) element as an attractive candidate for modelling delamination initiation and propagation in composite structures.Öğe Isogeometric plate element for unstiffened and blade stiffened laminates based on refined zigzag theory(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Hasim, Kazim Ahmet; Kefal, Adnan; Madenci, ErdoganThis study presents an isogeometric plate element, IG-RZT based on the refined zigzag theory (RZT) to model bending behavior of blade stiffened and unstiffened thick or thin laminates. This element is free of shear-locking and shear correction factors due to the use of Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) functions which satisfy the requirement of C-1 continuity in the computation of transverse shear stresses. Comparison of the predictions with IG-RZT element with the previous benchmark solutions reveals fast convergence and high accuracy for general laminate layups under different loading and boundary conditions. Thus, the IG-RZT element can be adopted for computationally efficient and accurate analysis of unstiffened and stiffened flat laminates.