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    Effects of visual working memory load and item priority on susceptibility to distraction and memory accuracy
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Gunduz, Hasan; Gunduz, Turan; de Fockert, Jan W.
    Visual working memory (VWM) can store multiple items with varying degrees of attentional priority. We investigated how different load and prioritization status of memory items affected both memory precision and distractor resistance. We used a dual-task paradigm in which 48 participants encoded sets of oriented Gabor patches and completed a flanker task during the retention interval. The design varied status of memory items as currently relevant (CR), and future relevant (FR) and their load as one and two across three load conditions using retro-cues. Results showed that increasing CR load reduced distractor interference and memory precision, while increasing FR load had no effect on either measure. Importantly, no consistent advantage was observed for prioritized items in later memory tests, aligning with recent findings that retro-cue benefits can degrade under external attentional demands. These results support a functional dissociation between CR and FR items in VWM and highlight how attentional state-not memory load alone-shapes the functional impact of VWM representations.
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    Inhibitory spillover: Implicitly induced urinary urgency facilitates inhibition of unwanted thoughts
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Cetinkaya, Hakan; Gunduz, Turan; Gunduz, Hasan
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Öğe
    Load effect of visual working memory on distractor interference: An investigation with two replication experiments
    (Springer, 2024) Gunduz, Hasan; Ozkan Ceylan, Arzu
    Konstantinou et al. (Experiment 1B; Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76, 1985-1997, 2014) reported that an increase in visual short-term memory (VSTM) load reduced distractor interference in the flanker task. Yao et al. (Experiment 3; Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82, 3291-3313, 2020) replicated the design of Konstantinou et al.'s experiment and showed that the VSTM load did not modulate the distractor interference effect, contradicting the original findings. However, it is unknown whether differences in task-design between the two experiments contributed to the inconsistent results. Therefore, we first replicated the original two studies with Experiment 1 (N = 54) and Experiment 2 (N = 54) and performed a statistical comparison between the data from these two experiments. In a third experiment (N = 28), we incorporated articulatory suppression into the design to exclude possible effects of verbalization. According to the ANOVA analyses, the VSTM load did not change the level of distractor interference in all three experiments, indicating that differences in task design alone do not explain the inconsistency.