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    Turkish Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale: Assessment of Validity and Reliability
    (Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Yilmaz-Karaman, Imran G.; Yastibas-Kacar, Cennet; Altinoz, Ali Ercan; Ornekel, Irem Naz; Bilgin, Muzaffer; Gulec, Gulcan
    Objective: Gender affects how we serve and receive medical care. World Health Organization evaluates gender as a social determinant of health. However, a knowledge gap exists among GAMS) in the Turkish language and define Turkish medical students' gender awareness level and related factors.Methods: Two hundred seventy-two medical students participated in this cross-sectional study. The GAMS were utilized to collect data; in addition to sociodemographic form.Results: Cronbach Alpha value for the gender sensitivity subscale of Turkish N-GAMS was calculated as 0.810, gender role ideology towards patients as 0.919, and gender role ideology towards doctors as 0.896. In the confirmatory factor analysis conducted for the scale's factor structure, the scale had a three-factor structure consisting of gender sensitivity, gender role ideology towards patients, and gender role ideology towards doctors, which are interrelated. In the criterionrelated validity analysis, gender sensitivity was associated with empathy (r=0.206 p=0.001) and benevolent sexism (r=0.148 p=0.015). Gender role ideology toward patients scores was related to male gender (t=3.920 p<0.001), low empathy (r=-0.159 p=0.009), hostile sexism (r=0.638 p<0.001), and benevolent sexism (r=0.545 p<0.001). Gender role ideology towards doctors was related to male gender (t=2.669 p=0.008), low empathy (r=-0.143 p=0.018), hostile sexism (r=0.618 p<0.001), and benevolent sexism (r=0.573 p<0.001).Conclusions: N-GAMS is valid and reliable among Turkish medical students. Turkish medical students in our sample are less gender-sensitive than their European counterparts. There is a need for education on gender awareness in medical schools.