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    Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities and Biofuel Production of Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth): A Review
    (2022) Gebrehiwot, Hadush; Dekebo, Aman; Annisa, Milkyas Endale
    Eichhornia crassipes is one of the free floating macrophytes with substantial damaging effects on aquatic environment and economic development. It is listed as one of the most productive plants on earth and among the top ten world’s worst aquatic plants. Several metabolites such as vitamins, terpenoids, phenolic acids, lignins, stilbens, alkaloids and sterols have been reported from the plant. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive and up to date compilation of documented chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and renewable energy profile of water hyacinth. The plant demonstrated wide spectrum of uses including biofuel production, medicinal function, vermicomposting, compost production and bioremediation. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antiaging, DPPH radical scavenging, hepatoprotective and antibacterial functions are well documented medicinal uses of the plant of which tremendous antioxidant and antibacterial activities were noticed. On the other hand, clogging of waterways, breeding grounds for pests and disease, reduction of water quality, loss of biodiversity and economic recession in invaded areas are negative aspects associated with it. The present review therefore discusses the chemical makeups, pharmacological and renewable energy aspects of the weed.
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    Öğe
    Ricinus Communis Seed oils as a Source of Biodiesel; A Renewable Form of Future Energy
    (2022) Gebrehiwot, Hadush; Zelelew, Demis
    Diminishing supply and environmental pollution of fossil fuels are the vital factors leading to the search of alternative sources of energy like biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the eco-friendly substitutes of energy which is mainly utilized in diesel engines. Ricinus communis (castor plant), which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae yields an oil rich beans and plays important role in the production of biodiesel. Recently, the demand of castor oil and its products has been raised in the world market due to its versatility to use and simplicity to produce. Therefore, this study investigates the extraction of castor oil and its conversion in to biodiesel via alkali catalyzed transesterification. The seed oil of the plant was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus and the quality of the biodiesel was examined using the standard procedures of American standards for testing methods. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the extracted oil was examined using GC-MS. The seed oil was liquid at room temperature (25 °C), golden yellow in color with a nutty odor. The extraction processes yielded 324 g (9.25% w/w) and 78% of oil and biodiesel respectively. The density (0.86 g/mL), viscosity (5.42 mm2s-1), flash point (87 °C), acid value (0.35 mg KOH/g), water content (0.80%), iodine value (108.60), and cetane number (58.00) were reported in this study and showed a good agreement with the standards of biodiesel. GC-MS analysis of the seed oil also showed the presence of 10 different fatty acids (9-Octadecenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, methyl ester, [R-(Z)] took the highest composition) which plays significant role for the production of methyl esters. So, the study can assure that castor oil can be used for commercial production of biodiesel at cost effective scales.