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Öğe A new method for generating short-term power forecasting based on artificial neural networks and optimization methods for solar photovoltaic power plants(Springer Verlag, 2019) Demirdelen, Tugce; Ozge Aksu, Inayet; Esenboga, Burak; Aygul, Kemal; Ekinci, Firat; Bilgili, MehmetIn recent times, solar PV power plants have been used worldwide due to their high solar energy potential. Although the PV power plants are highly preferred, the main disadvantage of the system is that the output power characteristics of the system are unstable. As PV power plant system is connected to the grid side, unbalanced power flow effects all systems controls. In addition, the load capacitys is not exactly known. For this reason, it has become an important issue to be known correctly in PV output power and their time-dependent changes. The main aim of this work is to eliminate power plant instability due to the output power imbalance. For the short-term, power prediction is estimated by real-time data of 1 MW PV power plant in use. Estimation power data are compared with real-time data and precision of the proposed method is demonstrated. In the first phase, traditional artificial intelligence algorithms are used. Then, these algorithms are trained with swarm based optimization methods and the performance analyses are presented in detail. Among all the algorithms used, the algorithm with the lowest error is determined. Thus, this study provides useful information and techniques to help researchers who are interested in planning and modeling PV power plants. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Öğe A novel hybrid metaheuristic optimization method to estimate medium-term output power for horizontal axis wind turbine(Sage Publications Ltd, 2019) Ekinci, Firat; Demirdelen, Tugce; Aksu, Inayet Ozge; Aygul, Kemal; Esenboga, Burak; Bilgili, MehmetThe increasing damage caused by fossil fuels has made it a necessity for new and clean energy sources. In recent years, the use of wind energy from renewable energy sources has increased, which is a new and clean energy source. Wind energy is everywhere in nature. The wind speed changes depending on time. Thus, the wind power is unstable. In order to keep this disadvantage at a minimum level, future power estimation studies have been carried out. In these studies, different methods and algorithms are applied to estimate short and medium term in wind power. In this study, artificial neural network, particle swarm optimization and firefly algorithm (FA) as a new method are used for the first time in predicting wind power. As input data, temperature, wind speed and rotor speed the data recorded in the SCADA in wind turbines are used to predict medium-term wind speed and also wind power. Each method is compared in detail and their performances are revealed.Öğe Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Plastic Bottle Blow Mold Based on Product Life Cycle for Managing the Mold Industry's Carbon Emission(Mdpi, 2024) Yavuzdeger, Abdurrahman; Esenboga, Burak; Tumay Ates, Kuebra; Demirdelen, Ozge; Yuksel, MehmetCalculating the carbon footprint (CF) holds paramount importance in today's world as it provides a tangible measure of our impact on the environment. In the corporate realm, businesses armed with CF data can optimize operations, reduce waste, and adopt greener technologies, leading to both environmental and economic benefits. In this study, carbon emissions-a significant global issue-are investigated through the lens of the ISO 14067-ISO Product Based Carbon Footprint (CF) standard, focusing on the operations of a mold company. The primary innovation lies in meticulously tracing every stage of plastic bottle blow mold production, the most prevalent product in the mold industry, from its raw material input to its final form as a mold in the factory. Subsequently, detailed calculations and analysis are conducted to quantify the carbon footprint associated with this process and its impact on the environment. The calculated CF for one ton of PBBM produced by Petka Mold Industry is presented. This study fills a critical gap in the literature by providing a holistic understanding of the carbon footprint of plastic bottle blow mold (PBBM) production, thereby offering valuable insights for managing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability within the mold industry. By integrating a life cycle product carbon footprint thinking into industrial practices, a greener, more sustainable future can be paved, mitigating the ecological footprint of the PBBM.Öğe Assessment of Corporate Carbon Footprint and Energy Analysis of Transformer Industry(Mdpi, 2024) Guldurek, Manolya; Esenboga, BurakTransformers are primarily key components in power transmission and distribution systems. In the electrical industry, transformers are becoming increasingly important to increase energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. In the process from the production to the use of transformers, various strategies and technologies are adopted to reduce the carbon footprint. To achieve decarbonization targets and a future with sustainable energy, ongoing efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of transformers need to continue. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the carbon footprint (CF) of Beta Energy in the Adana Province of T & uuml;rkiye. A comprehensive inventory is being created to determine and monitor the greenhouse gas emissions of Beta Energy, a transformer manufacturer. This inventory includes direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from all of the company's activities. The findings show that in 2023, the total CF of Beta Energy is equal to 1,799,482.72 tons of CO2-eq and considering the total of 6044 transformers sold in 2023, results in 297 tons of CO2-eq/transformer per product. The results show that the transformer manufacturing industry has a high carbon footprint because it is an energy-intensive process. The areas where the most carbon emissions occur in transformer production are revealed by CF hot spot analysis in this study. To minimize both current and future greenhouse gas emissions during transformer production, the measures to be taken during the R&D, production, transportation, and service stages are revealed. This study aims to establish a foundation for Beta Energy's efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by managing them effectively.Öğe Carbon Emission Analysis and Reporting in Urban Emissions: An Analysis of the Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Climate Action Plans in Sarıçam Municipality(Mdpi, 2024) Davutluoglu, Orkun; Yavuzdeger, Abdurrahman; Esenboga, Burak; Demirdelen, Ozge; Ates, Kuebra Tuemay; Demirdelen, TugceThe urban carbon footprint (UCF) is an important tool for assessing an organization's ecological impacts and in guiding sustainability efforts. This calculation is usually measured in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq). Calculations provide important data to determine strategies to reduce the carbon footprint and establish sustainability targets. Various standards and protocols guide UCF calculation, and many organizations aim to make these data transparent to their stakeholders and the public. This study aims to calculate the UCF of Sar & imath;& ccedil;am Municipality (SM) in the Adana Province of T & uuml;rkiye. This study includes the greenhouse gas emission inventories resulting from all activities of the SM main service building, guest house, construction site service building, Cultural Center service building, and additional service buildings between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022. The calculations include generator fuel consumption, electricity consumption, the refrigerant gas leaks and refills resulting from these activities, the fuel consumed in vehicles owned by the company or whose fuel consumption is under company control, emissions originating from personal travel, emissions originating from customers and visitors, emissions originating from business travel, purchases, etc. Emissions from products purchased and emissions from waste transportation are included. The findings show that, in 2022, the total UCF of SM was equal to 10,862.46 tons of CO2-eq. The Paris Agreement aims to reduce the per capita emissions to approximately two tons of CO2-eq by 2030. The carbon footprint per employee within the municipality was calculated at 12.43 tons of CO2-eq, as derived from the analyzed data. The results reveal the importance of implementing sustainable practices and strategies within SM, such as energy efficiency measures, waste reduction, and the adoption of renewable energy sources, to mitigate its carbon footprint. This study plans to provide a basis for SM's reduction efforts by keeping greenhouse gas emissions under control.Öğe Design and Finite Element Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Wind Turbine Application(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Yavuzdeger, Abdurrahman; Esenboga, Burak; Ekinci, Firat; Demirdelen, TugceToday, the demand for renewable energy sources is increasing day by day in order to reduce fossil fuels and meet the increasing energy demand. The fact that wind energy is suitable for energy production at continuous or low wind speed depending on geographical conditions increases its importance among eco-friendly energy sources. However, energy efficiency is one of the most important issues in the renewable energy field because energy production from these energy sources is constantly changing due to climate changes. Therefore, it is very important to use renewable energy sources efficiently and to enable innovative developments that will increase energy efficiency. In this chapter, a more efficient wind turbine alternator is modeled and analyzed in detail by using the ANSYS/Maxwell software program. The main objective of this chapter is to create an efficient alternator model used in both vertical and horizontal wind turbines. This alternator model is selected as a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) since there is no need for external excitation, smaller in size and easy to control. Firstly, the parameters are determined by using the mathematical model of the alternator. Secondly, the alternator is modeled and designed with the help of the design parameters such as pole pair, magnetizing inductance, the stator leakage, winding properties, number of turns and slots, etc. During the design process, all materials of the alternator are designed by taking into consideration of characteristic features of them. Finally, the designed alternator is electromagnetically analyzed thanks to ANSYS/Maxwell Electromagnetic Suit program which uses the Finite Element Method (FEM). Therefore, the electrical efficiency of the wind turbine alternator at different wind speeds is performed and the optimum design of the alternator is obtained. It is hoped that this study will guide for wind power plant operators and researchers interested in wind turbine design parameters. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Designing and performance analysis of solar tracker system: A case study of Çukurova region(Elsevier, 2021) Alici, Hakan; Esenboga, Burak; Oktem, Irfan; Demirdelen, Tugce; Tumay, MehmetToday, solar energy has an important place among the renewable energy sources in the world due to its high energy potential. Therefore the share of solar energy is gradually increasing in electricity generation. It is difficult to get maximum efficiency from the solar photovoltaic (PV) panels installed permanently because they can’t benefit from solar energy continuously. Therefore one of the most effective ways to prevent loss of energy efficiency is the solar tracking systems that provide up to 40% efficiency. In this study, it is aimed to increase the efficiency of solar PV plants by following the sun throughout the day and to maximize the power produced by solar PV panels by exposing it to more light. Therefore a single-axis passive-controlled solar tracker system design is recommended for 42, 000 kWp solar PV power plants in the Çukurova region. The efficiency effect of the proposed tracker system for high-power solar PV plants is examined. By comparing the performance analysis of the proposed solar PV system having a solar tracker system with a fixed angle solar PV system, the effectiveness of the proposed system is revealed for high-power solar PV plants. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Efficiency and Cost Based Multi-optimization and Thermal/Electromagnetic Analyses of 3-Phase Dry-Type Transformer(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Esenboga, Burak; Demirdelen, TugceDry-type transformers are one of the most significant devices used in the conversion, transmission and management process of the electricity. In practice, the electrical energy conversion entails energy losses such as heat, electromechanical and electromagnetic losses during the transformation. Hence, primary importance is the efficiency of energy conversion for a device that converts AC voltage from one value to another with the same frequency. Therefore, this study offers the best 3-phase dry-type transformer modelling interested in cost and efficiency related to transformer losses and useful energy conversion. Transformer manufacturing industries will produce a low cost and more efficient dry-type transformer by using electromagnetic/thermal analyzing and multi-optimization methods. Firstly, a 250 VA 380/110 V 3-phase cast resin core type transformer is modelled by an electromagnetic field simulator software programme called as ANSYS/Maxwell so the transformer is analyzed in detail in terms of the thermal and electromagnetic. In addition, the cost and efficiency values are optimized based on the current density (s) and C coefficient parameters by the multi-optimization method. Secondly, the transformer model is analyzed as thermal and electromagnetic at the end of the simulation results. Finally, the transformer is tested experimentally so the test results are confirmed by the simulation results considering the measurements. It is hoped that this study will contribute to transformer designers and operators interested in the conversion, transmission and management of the electrical energy.Öğe Experimental investigation on solar PV panel dust cleaning with solution method(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Ekinci, Firat; Yavuzdeger, Abdurrahman; Nazligul, Hueseyin; Esenboga, Burak; Mert, Basak Dogru; Demirdelen, TugceThe efficiency of solar PV panels varies depending on various factors; the type of material used to generate electrical energy, the quality of workmanship in the solar PV panel installation, environmental factors, dirt on the PV panel and design. Dust and dirt formed according to environmental conditions adhere to the solar PV panels and prevent the solar radiation from penetrating the surface. Thus, the solar PV panels need to be cleaned. In this study, three different chemical solutions prepared in laboratory conditions are applied to solar PV panels with a solar PV panel cleaning robot, which is manufactured using 3D printer technology to remove dust and dirt accumulated on solar PV panels for the first time in the literature. Thus, the effectiveness of chemical solutions to increase solar PV panel efficiency is demonstrated. The penetration of chemical solutions on the PV panel surface is ensured by the solar PV panel cleaning robot. The experimental set is realized under natural dust and dirt conditions. The effectiveness of the chemical solutions and electrical performance analysis results of solar PV panels are demonstrated by measurements and tests. The amount of power harvested from the PV panel cleaned using proposed Solution 1 (2-propanol) has been increased by 15%.Öğe Modeling and experimental validation of dry-type transformers with multiobjective swarm intelligence-based optimization algorithms for industrial application(Springer London Ltd, 2022) Demirdelen, Tugce; Esenboga, Burak; Aksu, Inayet Ozge; Ozdogan, Alican; Yavuzdeger, Abdurrahman; Ekinci, Firat; Tumay, MehmetIn recent years, the optimum and efficient design of the transformer core and conductive materials is the most significant issues to overcome the high-temperature problems. The temperature increases on the transformer materials are directly related to the energy efficiency of it. The overheating of the core and coils of the transformer reduces the amount of energy to be obtained from the transformer. However, copper, core, eddy current and other losses can be minimized by obtaining an optimum design of the transformer for maximum efficiency. Thus, the transformer life and the energy efficiency to be obtained from the transformer are maximized. The temperature rise and temperature distribution of the windings can be monitored by computer technology and the transformer can be safely overloaded and the production cost can be minimized. Also, the operating life of the transformers can be further increased by specifying hot spot temperatures on the transformer coils and core. In this study, 3 kVA and 5 kVA Dyn 11 connected 380/220-V dry-type transformers are optimized by multiobjective swarm intelligence-based optimization methods. The main contribution of this study is to prevent the overheating of the transformers by reducing the losses in the transformer core and coils and to reduce the costs of the transformer. The thermal and electromagnetic analyses of the transformers are realized by ANSYS/Maxwell software program which utilizes the industry-leading ANSYS/Fluent computational fluid dynamics and finite element method solvers. Finally, the experimental analyses are realized under the loaded conditions for the transformers. The experimental results are verified with the simulation results. The optimization, modeling, thermal/electromagnetic analysis and experimental processes are carried out step by step in this study. The transformer manufacturers will realize the optimum cost, efficiency and thermal analysis before transformers are manufactured.Öğe Performance and Economic Analysis of Designed Different Solar Tracking Systems for Mediterranean Climate(Mdpi, 2023) Demirdelen, Tugce; Alici, Hakan; Esenboga, Burak; Guldurek, ManolyaSolar power occupies a significant position among global renewable energy sources due to its abundant energy potential. Consequently, its contribution to electricity generation is steadily increasing. However, obtaining peak efficiency from fixed solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is a formidable task due to their limited ability to consistently tap into solar energy. To tackle this issue and mitigate energy efficiency losses, the utilization of solar tracking systems has emerged as an exceptionally effective solution. These systems enable continuous adjustment of the panels' position to align with the sun's trajectory, optimizing energy absorption and enhancing overall performance. This paper presents the performance and cost analysis of three distinct solar panel tracking systems, namely, a fixed system, a single-axis system, and a dual-axis system. The systems are operated under identical coordinates and conditions. The production data are collected over a period of 15 days for comparative analysis. The tracking movements of the systems are controlled using Arduino. The mechanical components are specifically designed for the establishment of each system. The findings of this study indicate that both single-axis and dual-axis solar tracking systems outperformed fixed systems in terms of power generation. The single-axis system demonstrated a 24.367% increase in power production, while the dual-axis system showed a 32.247% increase compared to the fixed system. Moreover, a cost analysis was carried out considering the installation expenses and power production data of the three systems. It was determined that the single-axis tracking system achieved payback in 0.39 years less compared to the fixed system, while the dual-axis system achieved payback in 1.48 years less compared to the fixed system. Overall, this study underscores the advantages of implementing solar tracking systems, particularly in the single-axis and dual-axis configurations, as they contribute to higher power generation and cost-effectiveness compared to fixed systems.Öğe Performance evaluation of phase-shifting transformer for integration of renewable energy sources(Springer, 2020) Sakallioglu, Burcu; Esenboga, Burak; Demirdelen, Tugce; Tumay, MehmetIn recent years, the installed power capacity of renewable power plants has been increasing because of the technological developments, industrialization and rapid population growth. This case has led to the extension of electric transmission networks. Extending transmission networks, on the other hand, means the long transmission lines and line losses. The efficient control of electricity transmission systems can be achieved through an efficient selection of devices used in transmission lines as well as the proper management of networks. These devices, called Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, are integrated into transmission lines and provide energy efficiency in the transmission system. In this study, a novel Two-Core Asymmetric Phase-Shifting Transformer (APST) model, which is a serial FACTS device developed for the efficient use of transmission lines, will be realized. The most important factor in the selection of the Two-Core APST model is to obtain a general model that is valid for all quadrature and non-quadrature dual-core APSTs instead of Quadrature Booster type APSTs, which are frequently used in the literature. The designed Two-Core APST model will be tested in an electrical transmission system consisting of a 154 kV source voltage level and loads. Moreover, this model will be applied in IEEE 9-bus system in MATLAB program and changes in transferred power will be examined. Changes in active power transfer and voltage will be observed by the step change of the APST.Öğe Soft-Switching Smart Transformer Design and Application for Photovoltaic Integrated Smart City Power Distribution(Mdpi, 2023) Esenboga, Burak; Demirdelen, TugceSmart city power distributions have become promising technologies to meet the demand for energy in developed countries. However, increase in smart grids causes several power quality problems on the smart grid, in particular, current and voltage harmonic distortions, sudden voltage sag and swells, fault current, and isolation deterioration. Smart transformers are potential solutions to improve the power quality on the electric grid. They present energy efficiency, ensure grid reliability and power flow control, voltage regulation, bidirectional power flow, fault current limiting, harmonic blocking, and galvanic isolation. Therefore, this paper offers an optimal selection of a three-stage (AC-DC-DC-AC) smart transformer model and power control strategy for solar PV power plant integrated smart grids. The topology of the rectifier, isolated bidirectional converter, and inverter has soft-switching features. This enables low conduction loss, low electromagnetic interference (EMI), high efficiency, achievable zero-voltage switching for converters, and zero-current switching for electrical auxiliary systems. Operation strategies of the proposed ST, PWM control, voltage, and current control between converters, including a medium-voltage (MV) high-frequency transformer to realize a 10 kVA, 450 Vdc to 220 Vdc, or 220 Vac ST, are presented. Significantly, the ST prototype achieves 96.7% conversion efficiency thanks to its control strategy, even under unstable power generation conditions from the solar PV plant. Experimental results obtained on the 344 Vac 10.4 A load current validates the dv/dt rate 6.8 kV/us. The dynamic and experimental results of the proposed bidirectional smart transformer demonstrate the success in preventing power quality problems for photovoltaic integrated smart city power distribution.
