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    Bioactive potential of ripened white cheeses manufactured in different geographical regions of Turkey
    (Wiley, 2023) Keyf, Pelin; Ugurlu, Ozlem; Erkin, Ozgur Cem; Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer; Erbay, Zafer
    This study investigated the potential bioactive properties of white cheeses produced in different regions of Turkey, including their potential antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. The cheese samples were analyzed both before and after in vitro digestion. The study found that all cheese samples exhibited significant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition activity both before (45.5%-70.1% for 0.03 g cheese/mL) and after in vitro digestion (25.5%-63.5% for 0.0167 g cheese/mL), whereas alpha-amylase inhibition activity was present in all samples (in the range of 5.1%-50.0% for 3.0 x 10(-5) g cheese/mL) but disappeared after digestion, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity was only detected after in vitro digestion (from 20.5% to 60.4% for 5.6 x 10(-5) g cheese/mL), indicating potential antidiabetic properties. However, antimicrobial and anticancer activities were not observed in any of the samples. The results also suggest that the bioactivity potential of white cheese may vary depending on the region of production, as cheeses from the Marmara region exhibited high alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity after digestion. In conclusion, while white cheese is a valuable addition to the diet due to its high nutritional value and potential health benefits. This study revealed the bioactive potential of ripened white cheese and in vivo investigations of the cheese components would better show their possible benefits.
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    Comparative assessment of quality parameters and bioactive compounds of white and black garlic
    (Springer, 2022) Sasmaz, Hatice Kubra; Sevindik, Onur; Adal, Eda; Erkin, Ozgur Cem; Selli, Serkan; Kelebek, Haşim; Kadiroglu, Pinar
    Quality parameters and bioactive compounds of two white garlic samples from two regions of Turkey (Gaziantep and Kastamonu) and five commercial black garlic samples were investigated. It was found that the black garlic samples had greater total sugar content. Black garlic samples had also higher total amino acids (112.9-684.8 mg/100 g) as compared to the white garlics (250.8-411.9 mg/100 g). Arginine and glutamic acid were the dominant amino acids in both product types. Cysteine, the key amino acid responsible for the principal health-promoting properties of garlics, was found to be much higher in black garlic samples (112.0 mu g/100 g in BG4) when compared to white garlic samples (21.4 mu g/100 g in KWG). Black garlic samples had 4-7 times more antioxidant potential as compared to the white garlics. It was also found that the predominant sugar compound was sucrose (702.3-884.7 mg/100 g) in white garlic and fructose (3277.0-27,232.2 mg/100 g) in black garlic samples and the total amount of sugar was 4- to 17-fold higher in black garlic compared to the white garlic. 13 and 14 phenolic compounds were quantified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS in the white and black garlic samples, respectively. Black garlic was found to have a higher phenolic content (26.3-37.9 mg/100 g) than white garlic (18.0-23.3 mg/100 g) while caffeic acid was the dominant phenolic in both product types. In general, black garlic could be recommended to consumers due to its higher potential of bioactive compounds.
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    Integrative Analysis for Identification of Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Signatures in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2022) Erkin, Ozgur Cem; Comertpay, Betul; Gov, Esra
    Differential expressions of certain genes during tumorigenesis may serve to identify novel manageable targets in the clinic. In this work with an integrated bioinformatics approach. we analyzed public microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to explore the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identified a total of 984 common DEGs in 252 healthy and 254 NSCLC gene expression samples. The top 10 DEGs as a result of pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis were further investigated for their prognostic performances. Among these, we identified high expressions of CDC20, AURKA, CDK1. EZH2. and CDKN2A genes that were associated with significantly poorer overall survival in NSCLC patients. On the contrary. high mRNA expressions of CBL. FYN, LRKK2. and SOCS2 were associated with a significantly better prognosis. Furthermore. our drug target analysis for these hub genes suggests a potential use of Trichostatin A, Pracinostat. TGX-221, PHA-793887, AG-879. and IMD0354 antineoplastic agents to reverse the expression of these DEGs in NSCLC patients.
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    Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1, a Novel SMAD4 Binding Protein, Represses TGF-?/SMAD4 Signaling by Functioning as a Transcriptional Cofactor
    (Mdpi, 2021) Rajasekaran, Nirmal; Song, Kyoung; Lee, Jin-Hee; Wei, Yun; Erkin, Ozgur Cem; Lee, Hunseok; Shin, Young-Kee
    SMAD4, a key regulator of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, plays a major role in cell growth, migration, and apoptosis. In particular, TGF-beta /SMAD induces growth arrest, and SMAD4 induces the expression of target genes such as p21WAF1 and p15INK4b through its interaction with several cofactors. Thus, inactivating mutations or the homozygous deletion of SMAD4 could be related to tumorigenesis or malignancy progression. However, in some cancer types, SMAD4 is neither mutated nor deleted. In the current study, we demonstrate that TGF-beta signaling with a preserved SMAD4 function can contribute to cancer through associations with negative pathway regulators. We found that nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1) is a novel interaction SMAD4 partner that inhibits TGF-beta /SMAD4-induced p15INK4b mRNA expression by binding to SMAD4. Furthermore, we confirmed that NRF1 directly binds to the core region of the SMAD4 promoter, thereby decreasing SMAD4 mRNA expression. On the whole, our data suggest that NRF1 is a negative regulator of SMAD4 and can interfere with TGF-beta /SMAD-induced tumor suppression. Our findings provide a novel perception into the molecular basis of TGF-beta /SMAD4-signaling suppression in tumorigenesis.
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    Variation of bioactive potentials during the production of enzyme-modified cheese
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Akilli, Aysun Altinyuzuk; Erkin, Ozgur Cem; Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer; Erbay, Zafer
    Milk proteins are a known source of bioactive peptides released through proteolysis. Enzyme-modified cheese (EMC), produced with high proteolysis levels, has the potential to provide such peptides. This study aimed to explore the bioactive potentials (antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative potentials) of EMC during production stages and after in vitro digestion. Results showed remarkable increases in antioxidant activities and sustained ACE inhibition activity values with each production stage. The samples inhibited a-amylase activity before in vitro digestion, while significant inhibition of a-glucosidase activity was observed after digestion. Furthermore, antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus aureus were observed after digestion, with limited antiproliferative effects on various cancer cells. The study demonstrates the potential of EMC to positively impact body functions through its bioactive properties. Further research is needed to investigate the components formed during the production stages in detail.