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    Advances in the chemical and biological diversity of heterocyclic systems incorporating pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidine and pyrimido[1,6-c]pyrimidine scaffolds
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2020) Elattar, Khaled M.; Mert, Basak Dogru; Monier, M.; El-Mekabaty, Ahmed
    Heterocycles incorporating a pyrimidopyrimidine scaffold have aroused great interest from researchers in the field of medical chemistry because of their privileged biological activities; they are used as anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, antihypertensive, anticancer, and hepatoprotective agents. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the chemistry of heterocycles incorporating pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidine and pyrimido[1,6-c]pyrimidine skeletons and their biological characteristics. The main sections discuss (1) the synthetic routes to obtain substituted pyrimidopyrimidines, pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidin-diones, pyrimidoquinazolines, tricyclic, tetracyclic, and binary systems; (2) the reactivity of the substituents attached to the pyrimidopyrimidine skeleton, including thione and amide groups, nucleophilic substitutions, condensations, ring transformations, and coordination chemistry; (3) compounds of this class of heterocycles containing a significant characteristic scaffold and possessing a wide range of biological characteristics.
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    Öğe
    Advances in the Chemistry of 6-6 Bicyclic Systems: Chemistry of Pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2019) Monier, Mohamed; Abdel-Latif, Doaa; El-Mekabaty, Ahmed; Mert, Basak D.; Elattar, Khaled M.
    The aim of this work is to discuss the chemistry of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines as one of the most important heterocyclic compounds with remarkable synthetic, biological and medical applications. In this overview, the chemistry of hetemcyclic compounds incorporated the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as demonstrated by chemical reactions and different preparation processes. The anticipated compounds were synthesized from pyridine or pyrimidine compounds and a description of the reactivity of substituents attached to ring carbon and nitrogen atoms is discussed. On the other hand, the synthesis and reactions of fused heterocycles incorporated pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold is described. The diamine analogs included pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine core were reported as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The chemical reactions of certain unexpected and chemically substantial compounds have been discussed.
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    Öğe
    Heterocyclic steroids: Efficient routes for annulation of pentacyclic steroidal pyrimidines
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Monier, M.; El-Mekabaty, Ahmed; Abdel-Latif, Doaa; Mert, Baak Dogru; Elattar, Khaled M.
    Steroids are components of cell membranes, signaling molecules and are a type of secondary metabolites as a result of their high impact of biological significance. The present review described the literature reports of pentacyclic steroidal pyrimidines as a type of heterocyclic steroids. The main sections included the synthesis of the investigated steroids fused at rings-A or B or D of steroid skeleton, synthesis of binary or linked-type pyrimidines, pyrimidine oxides, macromolecules and mono- or di- or hi-peptides linked-steroidal pyrimidines. Besides, the present research highlighted the biological significance of steroidal pyrimidines, in which the compounds revealed potent anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-Alzheimer agents. In addition, some hetero-steroids were screened for binding DNA assay and gene expression analysis. It was settled that the incorporation of pyrimidine scaffold into steroid basic skeleton is crucial for better biological results.