Yazar "Dike, Ali Sinan" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Comprehensive characterizations of organoclay types based on their integration to poly (butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites
    (Springer, 2024) Bas, Yildiz; Dike, Ali Sinan
    Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) nanocomposites loaded with two different types of organoclays are fabricated using the melt mixing technique in a twin-screw extruder. Quaternary ammonium salts with dimethyl, benzyl, hydrogenated tallow, and dimethyl, dehydrogenated tailed modified organoclays are blended with PBT matrix at the compositions of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% weight ratios. Test samples are shaped using a lab-scale injection molding device. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, thermal stability, melt flow, structural, and morphological behaviors of the nanocomposite samples are investigated by performing tensile, impact, and shore hardness tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), melt flow rate measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods, respectively. According to the findings, NC 130 clay gave better results than NC 140 in terms of tensile, hardness, and melt flow behaviors, whereas NC 140 showed higher performances as impact resistance, thermo-mechanical, and density, since the reduction in density and weight lowering are highly required for mainly transportation sector, and thermal properties were considered.
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    Contribution of silane modification of halloysite nanotube to its poly (butylene terephthalate)-based nanocomposites: structural, mechanical and thermal properties
    (Springer, 2024) Senyel, Mustafa; Dike, Ali Sinan
    Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) nanocomposites were melt-blended with two types of Turkish halloysite nanotubes (HN). Naturally occurring HN samples were used to produce PBT-based composites at the HN compositions of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%. Findings of neat and silane-coated HN-containing composite samples were compared to investigate the interfacial adhesion between polymer matrix and reinforcement material. According to test results, a 1% amount of HN was found to be the most suitable option in the case of mechanical and thermal properties of composites. Additionally, silane-modified grade displayed highly indicative improvements compared to pristine HN clay due to better interfacial adhesion of halloysite nanotubes to the PBT matrix was accomplished. Property enhancements achieved for composite samples containing low contents of HN were confirmed by morphological examinations. As a result, the PBT/ 1% HN-S composite sample was bookmarked as the most suitable option to fabricate HN-reinforced PBT-based nanocomposites in terms of mechanical, thermo-mechanical, morphological, thermal, and physical performances based on the findings in this study. Silane-modified halloysite grades exhibited better results, and they were found to be more suitable in the case of applications of PBT.
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    Effect of carbon fiber amount and length on flame retardant and mechanical properties of intumescent polypropylene composites
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2018) Atabek Savas, Lemiye; Mutlu, Aysenur; Dike, Ali Sinan; Tayfun, Umit; Dogan, Mehmet
    The effects of carbon fiber amount and length were studied on the flame retardant, thermal, and mechanical properties of the intumescent polypropylene composites. The flame retardant properties of the intumescent polypropylene-based composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL-94), and mass loss calorimeter. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied using tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis. According to the flammability tests results, the antagonistic interaction was observed between carbon fiber and ammonium polyphosphate. The limiting oxygen index value reduced steadily as the added amount of carbon fiber increased. Mechanical test results revealed that the addition of carbon fiber increased the tensile strength and the elastic modulus as the added amount increased. No effect of carbon fiber length was observed on the flammability, fire performance, and tensile properties of composites, whereas the elastic modulus increased as the carbon fiber initial length increased.
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    Effects of concentration and surface silanization of barite on the mechanical and physical properties of poly(lactic acid)/barite composites
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Hatipoglu, Aygun; Dike, Ali Sinan
    Neat and surface silanized barite (BR) was compounded with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) at the loading range of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% by melt blending process. Surface characteristics of BR samples were examined by infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode. Mechanical, thermal, water resistance, melt flow, and morphological characterizations of composites were performed by tensile and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, water absorption test, melt flow rate (MFR) test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, respectively. BR additions lead to increase in tensile strength and modulus of PLA. The maximum improvement is obtained for 15 wt% of silanized BR containing composite. In contrast, percent elongation of PLA decreases with the incorporation of BR. Treated BR-loaded composites give higher impact energy values compared to untreated BR. Impact performance of composites increases with concentration. Silanized BR-filled composite at 5 wt% concentration exhibits higher storage modulus than unfilled PLA, where other composites yield relatively lower values in the case of storage modulus. Glass transition temperature of PLA extends to higher values by the addition of BR. Inclusions of BR samples cause a slight decrease in MFR of unfilled PLA. Water absorption of composites is found to be higher than that of PLA. Silanized BR-filled composites display lower water absorption values compared to untreated BR, thanks to hydrophobic nature of Si containing surface. According to SEM microimages of composites, more homogeneous dispersion in PLA matrix is achieved for treated BR particles than neat ones due to enhancement for interfacial adhesion of BR to PLA after silanization.
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    Fracture characterization and modeling of Gyroid filled 3D printed PLA structures
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2021) Torun, Ahmet Refah; Dike, Ali Sinan; Yildiz, Ege Can; Saglam, Ismail; Choupani, Naghdali
    Polylactic acid (PLA) is a commonly used biodegradable material in medical and increasingly in industrial applications. These materials are often exposed to various flaws and faults due to working and production conditions, and increasing the demand for PLA for various applications requires a full understanding of its fracture behavior. In addition to ABS, PLA is a widely used polymeric material in 3D printing. The gyroid type of filling is advantageous for overcoming the relatively higher brittleness of PLA in comparison with conventional thermoplastic polymers. In this study, the effects of various filling ratios on the fracture toughness of 3D printed PLA samples with gyroid pattern were investigated numerically and experimentally for pure mode I, combined mode I/II, and pure mode II. Two-dimensional finite element modeling was created, and the two-dimensional functions of stress intensity coefficients were extracted in loading mode I, mode I/II, and mode II at varied filling ratios of the gyroid PLA samples. Mixed-mode fracture tests for 3D printed PLA samples with a gyroid pattern at various filling ratios were performed by using a specially developed fracture testing fixture. The results showed that the amount of fracture toughness of the samples under study in tensile mode was much higher than those values in shear mode. Also, as the percentages of the filling ratios in the samples increased, both tensile and shear fracture toughness improved.
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    Improvement of mechanical and physical performance of poly (lactic acid) biocomposites by application of surface silanization for huntite-hydromagnesite mineral
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2022) Dike, Ali Sinan
    Silanization process was applied to huntite-hydromagnesite (HH) mineral in for improve its adhesion to poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. Surfaces of HH samples were examined by infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. HH was compounded with PLA using melt-blending technique. Modified HH incorporations led to nearly 19% and 20% increase in tensile strength and modulus of PLA, respectively. The maximum improvement for tensile strength value is obtained for 15 wt% of modified HH containing composite sample. On the other hand, percentage strain of PLA decreases nearly 22% with the addition of HH. Silane-modified HH-containing composites yield higher impact energy compared to untreated HH. Impact performance of composites increases nearly 18% with the increase in loading ratio of HH. Silane-modified HH displays higher storage modulus than HH, and glass transition temperature of PLA shifts to higher levels with the inclusion of HH. HH-filled composites exhibit no significant difference with melt flow rate value of PLA. Water resistance of silane-treated HH-containing composites are found to be higher than untreated HH attribitued to hydrophobicity of silicon-rich surface. Accordingly, composites that include modified HH are suitable for outdoor applications. Morphological investigations confirm that dispersion homogeneity and strong adhesion are achieved due to the improvement of surface interactions between HH and PLA phases after silane treatment process.
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    Improvement of mechanical and physical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide composites by applying different surface coatings for short carbon fiber
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Dike, Ali Sinan
    In this study, short carbon fiber (CF) surface was coated with jeffamine, isocyanate, and polyamide (PA). Surface-coated layers of CF samples were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Desized and coated CFs were incorporated to PA6 by melt-compounding method with a constant ratio of 20 wt%. Tensile testing, shore hardness, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and melt flow rate (MFR) test of composites were performed. Adhesion of CF to the polymer matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of composites. Mechanical characterization of composites implied that tensile strength, tensile modulus, percent elongation, and shore hardness of unfilled PA were extended to higher values by the addition of surface-coated CFs. The highest improvement was observed for isocyanate-modified CF-loaded PA-based composites. According to DMA results, storage modulus and loss modulus of PA increased with the incorporation of sized CF into polymer matrix. CF containing composites showed higher glass transition temperature with respect to unfilled PA. Addition of CF caused no significant change for MFR of PA. Poor adhesion of desized CF and relatively strong adhesion of surface-coated CFs to PA matrix were confirmed by SEM analysis.
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    Improvement of organoclay dispersion into polystyrene-based nanocomposites by incorporation of SBS and maleic anhydride-grafted SBS
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Dike, Ali Sinan; Yilmazer, Ulku
    In this study, organoclay-containing polystyrene (PS)-based nanocomposites were fabricated by extrusion in the presence of thermoplastic elastomer modifiers. Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) rubber was used as the elastomeric compatibilizer and maleic anhydride (MA) was grafted onto SBS rubber at different ratios. Grafting was made via melt blending. Cloisite (R) 30B was used as the organoclay and it was added to PS and PS/SBS blends using a corotating twin-screw extruder, followed by injection molding. Clay loading was kept constant as 2 wt%, and the elastomer content was varied between 0 and 40 wt% throughout the study. MA grafted SBS enhanced the intercalation/exfoliation of clay layers resulting in higher tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, and impact strength with respect to neat PS. Composites containing 15 wt% MA grafted SBS displayed the optimum average domain size resulting in the high impact strength without deteriorating the tensile strength and modulus values. Elastomer addition increased the glass transition temperature of the samples due to branching or cross-linking during extrusion. PS and PS/SBS exhibited similar melt flow index values with their organoclay-containing composites. MA acted as a plasticizer and decreased viscosity. Scanning electron microscopy study indicated that dispersion of clay layers was observed at the PS-SBS interphase and also in the elastomer phase. Intercalated and exfoliated structures of organoclay layers were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses.
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    Influence of zinc borate on flame retardant and thermal properties of polyurethane elastomer composites containing huntite-hydromagnesite mineral
    (Wiley, 2017) Dike, Ali Sinan; Tayfun, Umit; Dogan, Mehmet
    The effect of zinc borate (ZnB) was studied on the flame retardant and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane containing huntite-hydromagnesite. The flame retardant properties of thermoplastic polyurethane-based composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL 94), thermogravimetric analysis, and mass loss calorimeter. No remarkable effect of ZnB was observed on the flammability properties of composites. UL 94 rating did not change regardless of the added amount of ZnB, and the slight increase in limiting oxygen index value was observed at ratio of 1:1. The adjuvant effect of ZnB was observed during the mass loss calorimeter studies by increasing the barrier effect of the residue in the condensed phase and by increasing the formation of incombustible gasses in the gas phase. The highest fire performance was achieved at ratio of 1:1.
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    Mechanical and tribological performances of polypropylene composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes
    (Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2014) Dike, Ali Sinan; Mindivan, Ferda; Mindivan, Harun
    Polypropylene (PP)-based composites filled with as-received carbon nanotubes (ASCNTs) and purified carbon nanotubes (PCNTs) at different weight percentages were prepared using twin-screw extrusion and injection moulding. The effects of CNT content and purification procedure on the mechanical properties and wear resistance were examined. The results showed that microhardness, Young's modulus, tensile strength, and wear resistance values of the composites increased after purification procedure compared to the ASCNT-based composites, due to the fact that the enhanced interactions between CNT and PP improved the load transfer efficiency from PP to CNTs. For the composites prepared with both ASCNT and PCNT, as the loading of the CNTs increased, improved mechanical properties and wear resistance were observed. However, the mechanical properties and wear resistance decreased when the CNT content exceeded 0.8 wt.% due to agglomeration of CNTs.
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    Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabric Reinforced All-Polypropylene Composites
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2014) Seyhoglu, Hatice; Dike, Ali Sinan; Unlu, Saban Murat; Celik, Atila; Dogan, Mehmet
    Random copolymer polypropylene (co-PP) and beta-nucleated PP (-PP) produced with nucleant, which was not completely selective, were used as matrix materials. The effect of matrix type and consolidation temperature on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of woven tape-reinforced all-PP composites were investigated. The mechanical properties of all-PP composites strictly depended on the matrix type and the consolidation temperature. Co-PP-based composites had higher tensile strength and lower impact strength than -PP-based composites. The maximum tensile strength and storage modulus was achieved at a consolidation temperature of 10 degrees C above the melting point of both matrix materials.
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    Mechanical, thermal and rheological characterization of polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites containing aliphatic elastomer modifiers
    (Iop Publishing Ltd, 2020) Dike, Ali Sinan; Yilmazer, Ulku
    In this study, organoclay containing polystyrene (PS) based nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion in the presence of aliphatic elastomer modifiers. Three different types of aliphatic elastomeric materials and three different types of organoclays were used. Their effects on the morphology, and mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of PS were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile and impact tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and melt flow index measurements, respectively. Lotader AX8900, Lotader AX8840 and Lotader 2210 were chosen as the aliphatic elastomeric compatibilizers; and Cloisite 15 A, Cloisite 25 A and Cloisite 30B were chosen as the organoclays. The organoclay content was kept constant at 2 wt% and elastomer content was kept constant at 5 wt% throughout the study. Significant improvement is observed on the basal spacing for 30B containing samples according to XRD analysis. SEM studies indicate that the clay particles mostly reside between the PS matrix and the spherical elastomeric domains. Additions of elastomer and organoclay decrease the MFI value of PS. Mechanical test results show that, improvement is observed in elongation at break of unfilled PS with the addition of elastomers. Organoclay addition increases the tensile modulus of PS. According to thermal characterizations, the glass transition temperature (T-g) of PS decreases with elastomer addition, whereas organoclay addition shifts T-g values to higher temperatures.
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    Modification of Pumice Mineral and Its Use as Additive for Poly (Lactic Acid) Based Bio-Composite Materials
    (2020) Dike, Ali Sinan
    In this study, pumice (P) mineral was treated with silane in order to increase the compatibility forpoly(lactic acid) (PLA) which is a fully biodegradable polymer widely used in packaging and outdoorapplications. Neat and treated P powders were compounded with PLA at the concentrations of 5, 10,15 and 20 wt% by melt mixing process. Surface characteristics of P samples were examined usinginfrared spectroscopy. Mechanical, water uptake, melt-flow and morphological properties of preparedcomposites were investigated by tensile and impact tests, water absorption test, melt flow rate test(MFR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique, respectively. Mechanical test resultsrevealed that the highest increase in tensile strength and modulus values was obtained for 15 wt% ofsilanized P containing composite which are found as 4.5% and 40% increase, respectively. Addition ofsilane-treated P into PLA resulted in an increase in impact strength of about 33% compared to samplescontaining that were not treated with silane with the same proportion of P. Impact strengths ofcomposites increased with increasing P concentration. Silanized P filled composite gave slightly higherMFR values with respect to pristine P. Water absorption values of composites were found as about twofoldhigher than that of unfilled PLA. Composites containing silanized P exhibited lower water uptakevalues compared to untreated P samples because of the hydrophobic character of silicon containingsurfaces. SEM micro-images of composites displayed that more homogeneous dispersion in PLA matrixwas taken place for silane treated P particles than that of neat P stem from the increase of adhesionbetween P and PLA surfaces after silanization process.
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    Preparation and Characterization of Calcite Loaded Poly (Lactic Acid) Composite Materials
    (2020) Dike, Ali Sinan
    In this work, calcite (KS) mineral was compounded with poly (lactic acid) (PLA) at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% using extrusion process. Test samples of PLA and composites were prepared by injection molding. Characterization of composites were done based on mechanical tests including tensile, hardness and impact tests, flow behavior by melt flow rate test (MFR) and morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. Mechanical test results showed that the highest improvements in tensile strength and tensile modulus values were obtained for 10 wt% of KS filled composite. Further addition of KS caused remarkable decrease in tensile strength. Impact strength of PLA reduced by KS additions. The highest impact energy value was found in PLA-15 KS sample among composites. Hardness of neat PLA increased after KS inclusions. KS loaded PLA gave slightly higher MFR values compared to neat PLA. SEM micro-images of composites implied that KS particles dispersed homogeneously in PLA matrix at their lower loading ratio. Large agglomerates and poor dispersion were obtained for higher concentrations of KS since they favor particleparticle interactions. According to these results, concentrations of 10wt% and 15wt% were determined as suitable for calcite containing PLA composites.
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    USE OF TURKISH BENTONITE MINERAL AS AN ADDITIVE FOR POLY(LACTIC ACID) BASED BIO-COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    (2020) Dike, Ali Sinan
    In this study, Turkish bentonite (BN) mineral is subjected to silane treatment in order to enhance its compatibility for poly(lacticacid) (PLA). Neat and surface silanized BN powders are compounded with PLA using melt blending process at theconcentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. Surface characteristics of BN samples are examined by infrared spectroscopy.Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, water resistance, melt flow and morphological investigations of composites are performed bytensile and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water absorption test, melt flow rate test (MFR) and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) analysis, respectively. Mechanical test results show that BN additions lead to increase in tensilestrength and modulus of PLA. The maximum improvement is obtained for 15 wt% of silanized BN containing composite.Silanized BN filled PLA displays higher impact performance compared to untreated BN sample. Impact energy values ofcomposites increase with increase in loading ratio. Silanized BN containing composite with 20 wt% concentration gives thehighest storage modulus according to the DMA study. Glass transition temperature of PLA is improved by the inclusions of allBN samples. Additions of BN make slight decreases on MFR value of PLA. However, these reductions are found to benegligible in terms of its effect on processing of material. Water uptakes of composites are found to be higher than that of PLA.Composites containing silanized BN have lower water absorption values than neat BN samples due to the hydrophobicity ofsilicon containing surface. SEM characterization reveals that more homogeneous dispersion in PLA matrix is observed forsilane treated BN compared to neat BN particles thanks to improvement of interfacial adhesion between BN and PLA matrix.