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    Development and Characterization of Potato Starch-Pectin-Based Active Films Enriched With Juniper Berry Essential Oil for Food Packaging Applications
    (Wiley, 2025) Bhatia, Saurabh; Jawad, Muhammad; Chinnam, Sampath; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Shah, Yasir Abbas; Khan, Talha Shireen; Al-Azri, Mohammed Said; Koca, Esra; Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer; Diblan, Sevgin; Mohan, Syam; Najmi, Asim; Khalid, Asaad; Khan, Mahbubur Rahman
    The increasing demand for sustainable food packaging has driven the development of films based on biopolymers. However, enhancing their functional properties remains a challenge. In the current study, potato starch-pectin (PSP) composite films were fabricated and enriched with juniper berry essential oil (JBEO) to improve their physicochemical properties. The effects of incorporating different concentrations of JBEO (0.1%-1% v/v) on various properties of PSP-based films were evaluated, including surface color, transparency, barrier properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial effectiveness. Increasing the level of JBEO led to a significant decrease in the moisture content, film transparency, and mechanical attributes, while an increase in thickness, water permeability, and film elongation was observed. SEM analysis also revealed morphological properties such as some spherical, bubble-like configuration and cracks on the surface due to an increase in JBEO concentration. TGA and DTA revealed lower weight loss in the initial cycles due to the addition of JBEO, and the thermal stability of the films improved. The antioxidant assays revealed a concentration-dependent increase in the radical scavenging capacity of the films from 11.31% to 17.28% for DPPH and from 3.06% to 25.53% for ABTS. Moreover, significant antibacterial and antifungal activity of the bioactive films was observed against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans. These findings suggest that JBEO enhances the functional properties of PSP films, making them suitable for active food packaging applications.
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    Development of Peru balsam-enriched pectin-gellan gum films for sustainable antioxidant food packaging
    (Springer, 2025) Bhatia, Saurabh; Alhadhrami, Aysha Salim; Jawad, Muhammad; Chinnam, Sampath; Shah, Yasir Abbas; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Koca, Esra; Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer; Alam, Tanveer; Mohan, Syam; Zoghebi, Khalid; Khalid, Asaad
    In this study, the effects of Perubalsam extract (PBE) on the surface, physical, mechanical, barrier and antioxidant properties of pectin/Gelrite gellen gum (PGG) were evaluated. The developed films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, physiochemical properties, including moisture content, color, opacity, water solubility, and water vapor permeability, were measured. The antioxidant activity of the prepared films was determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The incorporation of the extract into films increased opacity, thickness, elongation at break, water vapor permeability, and water solubility; however, tensile strength and moisture content decreased. SEM analysis revealed microstructural deformities like pores and cracks at higher concentrations of PBE. As expected, the antioxidant activities of the composite films increased with the increase in the PBE concentration in the films. Thus, such natural extract antioxidant films as a sustainable packaging material could offer better protection to the packed product against undesirable oxidation reactions.
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    Öğe
    Myrrh Oleo-Gum Resin as a Functional Additive in Pectin and ?-Carrageenan Composite Films for Food Packaging
    (Wiley, 2024) Shah, Yasir Abbas; Bhatia, Saurabh; Chinnam, Sampath; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Tarahi, Mohammad; Khan, Talha Shireen; Alam, Tanveer
    Myrrh oleo-gum-resin (MOGR) is a natural substance that has a rich history of medicinal use due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The present study reports on the fabrication and assessment of pectin and K-carrageenan composite films infused with varying proportions (0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%) of MOGR. Morphological analysis of the film samples was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results indicated that the introduction of MOGR led to a notable increase in surface roughness. The SEM micrographs of the films showed that the MOGR addition had an important effect on the microstructure of the film. The surface hydrophobicity of the MOGR-loaded films increased, as confirmed by the rise in the contact angle. Moreover, there was an increase in the thickness (0.062 +/- 0.004-0.095 +/- 0.006 mm) and opacity (1.24 +/- 0.07-9.41 +/- 0.24) of the films with the addition of MOGR; however, tensile strength (7.30 +/- 0.50-4.92 +/- 0.34 MPa), elongation at break (32.41% +/- 1.0%-29.70% +/- 0.24%), and barrier properties decreased. Additionally, a rise in MOGR concentration corresponded to a rise in overall color difference Delta E (0.77 +/- 0.03-5.09 +/- 0.49) of the films. Notably, the incorporation of MOGR led to an increase in the antioxidant activity of the composite films, indicating potential applications in functional packaging materials.
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    Öğe
    Myrrh Oleo-Gum Resin as a Functional Additive in Pectin and ?-Carrageenan Composite Films for Food Packaging
    (Wiley, 2024) Shah, Yasir Abbas; Bhatia, Saurabh; Chinnam, Sampath; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Tarahi, Mohammad; Khan, Talha Shireen; Alam, Tanveer
    Myrrh oleo-gum-resin (MOGR) is a natural substance that has a rich history of medicinal use due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The present study reports on the fabrication and assessment of pectin and K-carrageenan composite films infused with varying proportions (0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%) of MOGR. Morphological analysis of the film samples was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results indicated that the introduction of MOGR led to a notable increase in surface roughness. The SEM micrographs of the films showed that the MOGR addition had an important effect on the microstructure of the film. The surface hydrophobicity of the MOGR-loaded films increased, as confirmed by the rise in the contact angle. Moreover, there was an increase in the thickness (0.062 +/- 0.004-0.095 +/- 0.006 mm) and opacity (1.24 +/- 0.07-9.41 +/- 0.24) of the films with the addition of MOGR; however, tensile strength (7.30 +/- 0.50-4.92 +/- 0.34 MPa), elongation at break (32.41% +/- 1.0%-29.70% +/- 0.24%), and barrier properties decreased. Additionally, a rise in MOGR concentration corresponded to a rise in overall color difference Delta E (0.77 +/- 0.03-5.09 +/- 0.49) of the films. Notably, the incorporation of MOGR led to an increase in the antioxidant activity of the composite films, indicating potential applications in functional packaging materials.
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    Öğe
    Preparation and characterization of gelatin-pectin-based active films incorporated with Styrax benzoin oleo gum resin
    (Wiley, 2024) Bhatia, Saurabh; Jawad, Muhammad; Chinnam, Sampath; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Shah, Yasir Abbas; Koca, Esra; Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer
    In this study, benzoin oleogum resin (BOGR) loaded antioxidant gelatin/pectin (GEPE) based films were developed and characterized for various parameters including mechanical, barrier, optical, film hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface roughness, chemical, thermal, morphological and antioxidant properties. The incorporation of BOGR decreased water solubility, moisture content, tensile strength, and elongation at break. However, water permeability, opacity, thickness, and water hydrophobicity were increased. Moreover, SEM and AFM analysis confirmed that the films loaded with BOGR showed heterogeneous and rougher surfaces in comparison to blank film. The intermolecular interactions between GEPE and BOGR was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the prepared BOGR loaded films was improved. Additionally, antioxidant activities of the film were significantly increased with increase in concentration of BOGR as indicated by ABTS and DPPH assays. Our findings indicate that BOGR loaded composite films could be used as an active material for food packaging applications.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Preparation and characterization of gelatin-pectin-based active films incorporated with Styrax benzoin oleo gum resin
    (Wiley, 2024) Bhatia, Saurabh; Jawad, Muhammad; Chinnam, Sampath; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Shah, Yasir Abbas; Koca, Esra; Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer
    In this study, benzoin oleogum resin (BOGR) loaded antioxidant gelatin/pectin (GEPE) based films were developed and characterized for various parameters including mechanical, barrier, optical, film hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface roughness, chemical, thermal, morphological and antioxidant properties. The incorporation of BOGR decreased water solubility, moisture content, tensile strength, and elongation at break. However, water permeability, opacity, thickness, and water hydrophobicity were increased. Moreover, SEM and AFM analysis confirmed that the films loaded with BOGR showed heterogeneous and rougher surfaces in comparison to blank film. The intermolecular interactions between GEPE and BOGR was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the prepared BOGR loaded films was improved. Additionally, antioxidant activities of the film were significantly increased with increase in concentration of BOGR as indicated by ABTS and DPPH assays. Our findings indicate that BOGR loaded composite films could be used as an active material for food packaging applications.