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    An experimental study on improvement of cohesive soil with eco-friendly guar gum
    (Brazilian Soc Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineering, 2021) Bagriacik, Baki; Ok, Bahadir; Kahiyah, Mustafa Tahseen Mohamed Ali
    Recently, the demand for environmentally friendly products has been increasing worldwide. In this study, the improvement of cohesive soil with a biopolymer material (Guar Gum), which is a type of additive and organic, environmentally friendly, is investigated. For this purpose, various laboratory tests have been conducted on the biopolymer-added soils, including the compaction test, the Atterberg limits test, and the unconfined compressive strength test. The samples for tests have been prepared that the biopolymer has been mixed with the soil in three different proportions to determine the optimum mixing ratio. Also, in the biopolymer-added soils, some samples have been cured at varying times to determine the effect of curing periods on their strength. For comparison, the tests performed on improved soils have been also carried out on the untreated cohesive soil. For a comprehensive evaluation, scanning electron microscopy analyses (SEM analyses) was carried out on some samples. On the other hand, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF analysis) was performed to have an idea about the composition of the cohesive soil. Consequently, the biopolymer additive material has improved the geotechnical properties of the cohesive soil in all mixing ratios and curing times. Moreover, the optimum mixing ratio has been obtained at 1% according to the results of tests.
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    Assessment of glass fiber-reinforced polyester pipe powder in soil improvement
    (Higher Education Press, 2021) Bagriacik, Baki; Beycioglu, Ahmet; Topolinski, Szymon; Akmaz, Emre; Sert, Sedat; Guner, Esra Deniz
    This study investigates the use of glass fiber-reinforced polyester (GRP) pipe powder (PP) for improving the bearing capacity of sandy soils. After a series of direct share tests, the optimum PP addition for improving the bearing capacity of soils was found to be 12%. Then, using the optimum PP addition, the bearing capacity of the soil was estimated through a series of loading tests on a shallow foundation model placed in a test box. The bearing capacity of sandy soil was improved by up to 30.7%. The ratio of the depth of the PP-reinforced soil to the diameter of the foundation model (H/D) of 1.25 could sufficiently strengthen sandy soil when the optimum PP ratio was used. Microstructural analyses showed that the increase in the bearing capacity can be attributed to the chopped fibers in the PP and their multiaxial distribution in the soil. Besides improving the engineering properties of soils, using PP as an additive in soils would reduce the accumulation of the industrial waste, thus providing a twofold benefit.
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    Assessment of pipe powder in soil improvement applications: an optimization by response surface methodology
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Bagriacik, Baki; Yildirim, Zeynel Baran; Guner, Esra Deniz; Beycioglu, Ahmet
    Experimental design methods have become very popular approaches in engineering studies thanks to providing some advantages to reduce time period of experiments. In this study, shear strength characteristics of sandy soils were investigated by using central composite design (CCD) approach which is one of the response surface methods. Shear box test results performed at different time intervals were used to design CCD. In model application, the effect of time period under constant load (TPUL) and pipe powder (PP) content (8-12-16%) were used as independent factors to observe shear strength characteristics. Regression equations, variance analysis results, and factor interactions of response variables were used as statistical parameters to analyze CCD performance. Experimental results showed that TPUL is a significant parameter. CCD analysis also determined the importance of TPUL and suggested 14 days as the best time period. CCD results also showed that the optimum PP content can be selected as 12%.
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    Experimental investigation of deformation behavior of geocell retaining walls
    (Techno-Press, 2021) Altay, Gokhan; Kayadelen, Cafer; Canakci, Hanifi; Bagriacik, Baki; Ok, Bahadir; Oguzhanoglu, Muhammed Ahmet
    Construction of retaining walls with geocell has been gaining in popularity because of its easy and fast installation compared to conventional methods. In this study, model tests were conducted by constructing the geocell retaining wall (GRW) at a constant height (i.e., 90 cm) and using aggregate as an infill material at four different configurations and two different surface angles. In these tests, a circular footing was placed behind the walls at different lateral distances from the wall surface and loaded monotonically. Subsequent to this vertical loading being applied to the footing, horizontal displacements on the GRW surface were measured at three different points. The performance of Type 4 GRW exceeded the other three types of GRW, with the highest lateral displacement occurring in Type 4 GRW at approximately 0.67 % of wall height. In addition, the results of these tests were compared with theoretical approaches widely accepted in the literature. The stress levels reached beneath the footing were found to be compatible with theoretical results.
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    Experimental Research of the Structure Condition Using Geodetic Methods and Crackmeter
    (Mdpi, 2022) Sztubecki, Jacek; Topolinski, Szymon; Mrowczynska, Maria; Bagriacik, Baki; Beycioglu, Ahmet
    The article presents an approach to monitoring the structure's condition with two measurement methods: the SHM-X crackmeter and the classic geodetic method of determining displacements, supplemented with additional information on the condition of the external environment obtained from thermal images. The study aimed to propose an approach combining geodetic and non-geodetic methods of assessing the condition of a structure and its effectiveness in practical application. The research facility is a public utility building of the Bydgoszcz University of Technology with a reinforced concrete structure. Objects of this type require periodic tests of their constancy. Interpreting the test results and identifying possible dangerous states that may indicate the risk of a construction failure is extremely important. The results presented in the article are an extension of the previous ones, in which several factors that could have a destructive effect on the structure were excluded. Observation of the object showed that only the reinforced construction plate is deformed. The only factor influencing the change in structure geometry is thermal changes. As part of the tests in places where cracks were noticed, the SHM-X crackmeter was used to measure the cracks' opening. In the geodetic research, measurements of the measurement and control network displacement were carried out, in which the TDRA6000 laser station measurement technology was used. The control points were also placed in places where the width of the cracks was directly observed. The proposed approach, with the applied calculation scheme and supplementing the information with the temperature measurement with thermal images, showed the submillimeter accuracy of the determined 3D displacements of the controlled points. Additionally, the parallel application of these methods gives a complete picture of changes in the structure elements, in which signs of destruction appear under the influence of stress.
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    Exploring the effect of basalt fibers on maximum deviator stress and failure deformation of silty soils using ANN, SVM and FL supported by experimental data
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Ndepete, Cyrille Prosper; Sert, Sedat; Beycioglu, Ahmet; Katanalp, Burak Yigit; Eren, Ezgi; Bagriacik, Baki; Topolinski, Syzmon
    Because the experimental trials in civil engineering field are difficult and time-consuming, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques is attracting considerable attention, with their use enabling successful results to be more easily obtained. In this study, we investigated the effect of fiber size, fiber amount, water content, and cell pressure on maximum deviator stress (MDS) and failure deformation (FD) of basalt fiber (BF) -reinforced, unsaturated silty soils using three AI techniques: the artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and fuzzy logic (FL). The numerical analyses and experiments were conducted using varying amounts (1, 1.5, and 2%) and lengths (6, 12, and 24 mm) of BF, and a total of 180 samples were prepared for the detailed investigation. In order to compare model performances, R-2 and MAPE goodness-of-fit metrics were used. The experimental results revealed that the addition of BF generally increased the MDS of the soils, which corresponds to the shearing resistance. According to AI models result, FL outperformed the SVM and ANN, with a R-2 value of 0.938, especially in FD prediction. The sensitivity analysis was performed to ascertain the effect of the inputs on the MDS and FD response variables. Results revealed that fiber length and cell pressure have substantial influence in MDS estimations.
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    IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF A PHD STUDENT FOR A GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN
    (Int Council Materials Education, 2020) Bagriacik, Baki; Yildirim, Zeynel Baran; Beycioglu, Ahmet; Cetin, Suna; Guner, Esra Deniz
    In engineering education, the students are often guided by their advisors to take courses related to their areas of expertise. In addition to the courses related to their areas of expertise, especially in the fields of applied engineering, taking math-based statistics or artificial intelligence courses improves students' analytical thinking skills significantly. For this reason, new perspectives for teaching in engineering education are required. In this study, the importance of teaching mathematically based statistical optimization techniques in engineering education has been discussed through an experimental case study. Within the study, the disposal of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge (DWTS) through its use in sandy soil improvement was studied experimentally and it was discussed whether the sludge usage improves the engineering properties of sandy soils. Besides, the experimental process of this research was supported by a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis, thanks to the knowledge of a Ph.D. student. The RSM studied by Ph.D. students aims to suggest a useful approach to decrease laboratory efforts considering the difficulties of laboratory studies. It has been observed that the results found experimentally and calculated by a Ph.D. student are very close to each other, and the approach suggested by a Ph.D. student can be a useful way to decrease laboratory experiments. It can be concluded from this applied research that statistical knowledge gives strong advantages to engineers for reducing labor efforts, gaining time and having economic advantages. As a result, teaching some statistical approaches to engineering students is very useful for their professional lives.
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    Use of GRP Pipe Waste Powder as a Filler Replacement in Hot-Mix Asphalt
    (Mdpi, 2020) Beycioglu, Ahmet; Kaya, Orhan; Yildirim, Zeynel Baran; Bagriacik, Baki; Dobiszewska, Magdalena; Morova, Nihat; Cetin, Suna
    There is an increasing global trend to find sustainable, environmentally friendly and cost-effective materials as an alternative to limited natural raw materials. Similarly, the use of waste materials has been gaining popularity in the production of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). In this study, the sustainable use of glass-fiber-reinforced polyester (GRP) pipe waste powder (GRP-WP), gathered from the cutting and milling process of GRP pipe production, utilizing it in asphalt mixes as a filler, is evaluated based on lab testing to find out: (i) if it produces similar or better performance compared to the most conventionally available filler material (limestone) and, (ii) if so, what would be the optimum GRP-WP filler content to be used in asphalt mixes. For this reason, an experimental test matrix consisting of 45 samples with three different amounts of binder content (4%, 4.5% and 5.0%), and a 5% filler content with five different percentages of the GRP-WP content (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement by weight of the filler), was prepared to figure out which sample would produce the similar Marshall stability and flow values compared to the control samples while also satisfying specification limits. It was found that the samples with 4.5% binder content, 3.75% GRP-WP and 1.25% limestone filler content produced the results both satisfying the specification requirements and providing an optimum mix design. It is believed that use of GRP-WP waste in HMA production would be a very useful way of recycling GRP-WP.