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Öğe Allergens in Peanuts and Allergen Reduction Methods(2022) Cengiz, Seyfullah; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Kola, OsmanPeanut allergens adversely affect the health and quality of life of millions of consumers worldwide. The seeds of the peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) contain a number of allergens that trigger the production of specific IgE antibodies in allergy-prone individuals. Currently, 18 proteins found in peanuts are accepted as allergens. These allergens are named from Ara h 1 to Ara h 18. Ara h 2, Ara h 6 and Ara h 7 are from albumin, Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 are from globülin. Ara h is the abbreviation of Arachis hypogaea, the Latin name for peanut. A peanut allergy is a reaction that occurs shortly after eating to peanuts or peanut products. It has various symptoms that can go up to swelling of the tongue, itching of the palate, itching and burning in the throat, itching in the eyes and nose, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, bruising, chest pain, hives, low blood pressure and shock. In this review, the properties of peanut allergens and the methods of reducing the allergen effect will be reviewed.Öğe Characterisation of volatile compounds and composition of milk of kilis goats reared at two different locations(University of Punjab (new Campus), 2021) Oluk, Aylin Celile; Serbester, Ugur; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Karaca, Oya BerkayVarious factors such as species, breeds, lactation stage and location affect milk composition. We evaluated the composition of Kilis goat milk in two different seasons on the basis of alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, indoles, carboxylic acids, aromatic hydrocarbons and terpenes. Milk samples were collected at the early and late lactation periods from Hatay and Kilis, Turkey. During both periods, the goats consumed a diversity of plant species. Milk collected from Kilis had 15.27-16.10% total solids,5.70-6.50% fat and 4.80-5.10% protein. The lactose content did not differ significantly between milk samples from the two locations (3.90-4.20%). Total unsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly higher than total saturated fatty acid contents, irrespective of the lactation period (p<0.05). Milk from Hatay was high in saturated fatty acids, aromatic hydrocarbons and benzaldehydes, i.e. 4.50 g 100 g-1, 6.80-4.65 mg 100g-1 and 0.28- 0.70 mg 100g-1, respectively. Throughout the lactation period, the levels of total solids, fat, protein, saturated and unsaturated fat, alcohol, ketones, esters and carboxylic acid increased, while indole, terpene, aromatic hydrocarbon and aldehyde contents decreased. © 2021 University of Punjab (new Campus). All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of different forms of buckwheat addition on the physicochemical and sensory properties of bread(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2024) Eren, Erdi; Akkaya, Murat ReisThis study aimed to obtain buckwheat bread by adding whole buckwheat to the white bread formulation in groat and flour form. The addition was made in different proportions (0, 10, 20, and 30%) according to the principle of substitution. Buckwheat addition, as groat, increased the bread's hardness to a great extent. Moisture analysis results indicated that the buckwheat additive can increase the water-holding capacity and may extend the shelf life, especially in flour form. The samples' antioxidant activities and phenolic content significantly increased when the addition was made as flour. All buckwheat-added samples had lower volume values than control samples. Buckwheat addition caused an increase in volatile components such as phenylethanol and benzylalcohol. As a result of sensory analysis, using buckwheat as flour and groat positively affected breadmaking. Considering the samples' nutritional and sensory properties, the combination in which 20% buckwheat flour is added to the white bread formulation is the most appropriate use.Öğe Farklı Susam (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotiplerine Ait Toplam Fenolik Madde Miktarları ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi(2020) Kurt, Cemal; Uçar, Burçak; Akkaya, Murat ReisBeslenme ve sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasından dolayı susam tohumlarınave ürünlerine tüketici taleplerinde son yıllarda sürekli bir artış olmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı, farklıtohum renklerine sahip 17 susam genotiplerinin toplam fenolik madde ile DPPH ve ABTS yöntemleriile antioksidan içeriğinin belirlenmesidir. Toplam fenolik madde miktarı 1,99 ile 6,81 mg GA/garasında değişim göstermiş olup, en yüksek fenolik madde miktarı değeri Libya genotipinden eldeedil en düşük değer Gaziantep-Oğuzeli genotipinden elde edilmiştir. DPPH yöntemine göre eldeedilen antioksidan aktivitesi değerleri 8,23 ile 17,50 mg Trolox/g arasında değişirken, ABTSyöntemine göre elde edilen antioksidan aktivitesi değerleri 3,62 ile 4,18 (mmol Trolox)/g arasındadeğişmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizine göre toplam fenolik madde, DPPH ve ABTS yöntemlerinegöre antioksidan kapasiteleri arasında istatistiki olarak önemli ve olumlu bir ilişki olduğu tespitedilmiştir. Ancak, tohum rengi ile bu özellikler arasında bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.Öğe Fatty acids, sterols and triglycerides composition of cold pressed oil from pomegranate seeds(Innovhub Ssi-Area Ssog, 2021) Kola, Osman; Parildi, Erva; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Ozcan, Bahri Devrim; Mamur, Emrah; Turker, BurcakPomegranate seed oil (PSO) was obtained by cold pressing of seeds of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) grown in Turkey. Total crude oil was obtained from pomegranate seeds on a 14.62% dry matter (DM) and it was determined to having a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (87.82%). The dominant fatty acid in pomegranate seeds was determined to be punicic acid (C18:3n-5; 9c, 11t, 13c) and it was found that it constitutes about 76.14% of the total fat content. It was observed that the total tocopherol content of PSO was 258.40 mg/100g and the main tocopherol was alpha-tocotrienol and the others were alpha-tocopherol (189.89 mg/100g) and gamma-tocopherol (53.14 mg/100g), respectively. The total sterol content of PSO was 930 mg/100g with a predominance of beta-sitosterol in our study and the beta-sterol content was 87.32%. The major triacylglycerols (TAG) in pomegranate seed oil were determined to be Stearic-Punicic-Punicic acid (SPuPu; 4.34%), Oleic-Punicic-Linoleic acid (OPuL; 1.10%) and Palmitic-Punicic-Linoleic acid (PPuL; 0.71%), respectively.Öğe Fatty acids, sterols and triglycerides composition of cold pressed oil from pomegranate seeds(INNOVHUB - Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria S.r.l - Area Oli e Grassi, 2021) Kola, Osman; Parildi, Erva; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Özcan, Bahri Devrim; Mamur, Emrah; Türker, BurçakPomegranate seed oil (PSO) was obtained by cold pressing of seeds of pomegranate (Puni-ca granatum L.) grown in Turkey. Total crude oil was obtained from pomegranate seeds on a 14.62% dry matter (DM) and it was determined to having a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (87.82%). The dominant fatty acid in pomegranate seeds was determined to be punicic acid (C18:3n-5; 9c, 11t, 13c) and it was found that it constitutes about 76.14% of the total fat content. It was observed that the total tocopherol content of PSO was 258.40 mg/100g and the main tocopherol was ?-tocotrienol and the others were ?-tocopherol (189.89 mg/100g) and ?-tocopherol (53.14 mg/100g), respectively. The total sterol content of PSO was 930 mg/100g with a predominance of ?-sitosterol in our study and the ?-sterol content was 87.32%. The major triacylglycerols (TAG) in pomegranate seed oil were determined to be Stearic-Punicic-Punicic acid (SPuPu; 4.34%), Oleic-Punicic-Lino-leic acid (OPuL; 1.10%) and Palmitic-Punicic-Linoleic acid (PPuL; 0.71%), respectively. © 2021, INNOVHUB - Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria S.r.l - Area Oli e Grassi. All rights reserved.Öğe Fatty acids, triglycerides, tocol, and sterol contents of oils of some Moringa seed varieties(Innovhub Ssi-Area Ssog, 2023) Kola, Osman; Gokalp, Smeyye; Parildi, Erva; Ozkul, Neslihan; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Cetin, Ali EmrahThree moringa oliefera varieties (MOMAX 3, ODC and PKM-1) seeds were used in this study. The oil was extracted from the seeds of ODC, PKM1 and MOMAX 3 moringa varieties by cold press (CP) and the solvent extraction (SE) method. Fatty acids, triglycerides, tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and sterol contents of moringa seed oils obtained by two different methods were determined and compared with one another. The crude oil yield was between 26.46 - 28.19% in solvent extraction and 24.20 - 26.30% in the cold press method. It was determined that the main fatty acid in moringa seed oils (ODC, PKM1 and MOMAX 3) was Oleic acid (63.31 - 70.04%). Other dominant fatty acids were determined to be palmitic acid (16:0) (5.59-7.26%), stearic acid (18:0) (5.37-5.89%), oleic acid (18:1 n9) (%63.31-70.04), arachidic acid (20:0) (2.67 - 3.71 %) and behenic acid (22:0) (3.82 5.73%). It was determined that the main triglyceride in moringa seed oils was triolein (000; 35.63 - 36.50%), the main sterol was [3-Sitosterol (39.04 - 42.11 %) and the main tocopherol was a-tocopherol (15.88 -18.91 pg/g).Öğe Fatty acids, triglycerides, tocol, and sterol contents of oils of some Moringa seed varieties(INNOVHUB - Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria S.r.l - Area Oli e Grassi, 2023) Kola, Osman; Gökalp, Sümeyye; Parıldı, Erva; Özkul, Neslihan; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Çetin, Ali EmrahThree moringa oliefera varieties (MOMAX 3, ODC and PKM-1) seeds were used in this study. The oil was extracted from the seeds of ODC, PKM1 and MOMAX 3 moringa varieties by cold press (CP) and the solvent extraction (SE) method. Fatty acids, triglycerides, tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and sterol contents of moringa seed oils obtained by two different methods were determined and compared with one another. The crude oil yield was between 26.46-28.19% in solvent extraction and 24.20-26.30% in the cold press method. It was determined that the main fatty acid in moringa seed oils (ODC, PKM1 and MOMAX 3) was Oleic acid (63.31-70.04%). Other dominant fatty acids were determined to be palmitic acid (16:0) (5.59-7.26%), stearic acid (18:0) (5.37-5.89%), oleic acid (18:1n9) (%63.31-70.04), arachidic acid (20:0) (2.67-3.71%) and behenic acid (22:0) (3.82-5.73%). It was determined that the main triglyceride in moringa seed oils was triolein (OOO; 35.63-36.50%), the main sterol was ?-Sitosterol (39.04-42.11%) and the main tocopherol was ?-tocopherol (15.88-18.91 µg/g). © 2023, INNOVHUB - Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria S.r.l - Area Oli e Grassi. All rights reserved.Öğe Prediction of fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(Springer India, 2018) Akkaya, Murat ReisThis study was performed in order to evaluate efficiency of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the determination of fatty acid composition ratio of sunflower seeds and to compare performance of calibration methods. Calibration equations were developed using modified partial least squares (MPLS) and partial least squares (PLS) regression methods. Ninety-three sunflower seed varieties were from test field of East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute. In order to determine the reference fatty acid values needed to construct calibration in NIRS analysis, sunflower seed samples were analyzed by gas chromatography method. Coefficients of determination (R-2) in calibration were developed using MPLS and PLS as follows: for palmitic acid 0.706-0.664, for stearic acid 0.615-0.654, for oleic acid 0.996-0.994, for linoleic acid 0.995-0.994, for arachidic acid 0.768-0.643, for linolenic acid 0.818-0.763, for behenic acid 0.891-0.776, for eicosapentaenoic 0.933-0.892, for unsaturated fatty acid 0.837-0.890 and for saturated fatty acid 0.837-0.890 respectively. The results showed that NIRS was a reliable technique that can be used as a tool for rapid pre-screening of fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds.Öğe Pul Kırmızıbiberde (Capsicum annuum L. ) Aflatoksin B1 Oranının Yakın Kızılötesi Spektroskopi (NIRS) İle Belirlenmesi(2016) Akkaya, Murat Reis; Kola, Osman; Yörükoğlu, Tarık; Ançel, TuğberkBu araştırma kırmızı pul biberde (Capsicum annuum L.) aflatoksin B1 oranının Yakın Kızılötesi Spektroskopi (NIRS) yardımıyla belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür ve ülkemizde bu konuda yapılan ilk araştırma olması sebebiyle de önemlidir. Numunelerin spektrumları Foss NIRSystem XDS Rapid Content Analyzer yakın kızılötesi cihazı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Materyal olarak Kahramanmaraş Ticaret Borsası'nın pul biber üreticilerinden temin ettiği 15 adet kırmızı pul biber numunesi kullanılmıştır. NIRS'da kalibrasyon eşitliği üretmek için kırmızı pul biber numunelerinde yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) kullanılarak referans aflatoksin B1 değerleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, kırmızı pul biber numunelerinde aflatoksin B1 oranının 0.29-1.59 ppb arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Referans yöntem ile NIRS okumaları arasında elde edilen kalibrasyon belirleme katsayısı (RSQ) aflatoksin B1 oranında 0.861 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, NIRS yönteminin kırmızı pul biberde aflatoksin B1 oranlarının belirlenmesinde hızlı ve etkili bir yöntem olabileceğini göstermiştir.Öğe Recombinant D-tagatose 3-epimerase production and converting fructose into allulose(Wiley, 2022) Parildi, Erva; Kola, Osman; Ozcan, Bahri Devrim; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Dikkaya, ElifIn this study, D-tagatose 3-epimerase gene was amplified from Escherichia coli JM109 by PCR and re-cloned into E. coli JM109 using HincII digested pUC18 cloning vector. Digestion of recombinant plasmid by HincII and PCR amplification of the gene from recombinant plasmid produced 789 bp gene band on agarose gel which indicated the gene integration. The host cell was grown in a shaking incubator at 37 degrees C for 24 hr and then the optical density (OD) of the cells was measured in a spectrophotometer at 600 nm wavelengths. When the OD600 value reached 0.61, the protein expression was induced by the addition of 0.1 mM IPTG into the growth medium. Through His-select gel column purification, highly purified and stable DTE protein was produced. The conversion rate of D-fructose into D-allulose was determined by HPLC. The native and recombinant enzymes could effectively convert D-fructose into D-allulose with a turnover ratio of 20.76%. Novelty impact statement A recombinant enzyme, D-tagatose 3-epimerase, was produced and D-fructose was converted into D-allulose using this recombinant enzyme.Öğe Some Seed and Oil Properties of Golden (Gökova) Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)(Sidas Medya A.S., 2021) Özpolat, Melisa; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Bakaçhan, YaseminThe demand for sesame seeds and their products, which have traditionally been used for centuries as a cure for human nutrition and diseases, has increased in recent years due to a better understanding of their positive effects on nutrition and health. In this study, some seed and oil properties of Golden (Gökova) Sesame, almost all of which are exported, were determined.The thousand grain weight of sesame seeds was 3.40 g, the crude protein rate was 20.24% and the crude oil rate was 50.05%. Seed color analysis average values L*, a*, b*, c* and h respectively; 55.78, 10.35, 29.88, 31.62 and 70.89. While the total antioxidant capacity was determined as 1405.53 mg trolox equivalents/100g, the total phenolic content was found to be 483.34 mg gallic acid equivalents/100g. As a result of the analyzes made in the oils of sesame samples; palmitic acid ratio 9.45%, oleic acid ratio 40.46%, linoleic acid ratio 42.57% and stearic acid ratio 4.96%. Sesamol, Sesamin and Sesamoline amounts of sesame lignans were found as 0.076 µg/g oil, 12.278 mg/g oil, and 0.906 mg/g oil, respectively. Average ?-tocopherol was found as 1.57 µg/g, ?tocotrienol was found as 1.22 µg/g, ?-tocopherol was found as 47.59 µg/g, and total tocopherol was found as 49.17 µg/g in sesame seed oils. Sesame oil color analysis values L*, a*, b*, c* and h respectively; 93.34, -1.57, 30.37, 30.41 and 92.99. The refractive index (20°C), iodine number, saponification number, free fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter values respectively; 1.47, 107.86, 186.4 mgKOH/g oil, 0.82% and 1.74 g/kg. It was determined that the quality criteria detected in the Golden (Gökova) Sesame samples were in accordance with the literature data and mostly gave better results. © 2021 The authors.Öğe The influence of sowing dates on the oil content and fatty acid composition of standard, mid-oleic and high-oleic types of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)(Soc Brasileira Ciencia Tecnologia Alimentos, 2019) Akkaya, Murat Reis; Cil, Abdullah; Cil, Ayse Nuran; Yucel, Hatice; Kola, OsmanThis study aimed to determine the oil ratios and fatty acid compositions of sunflowers grown in the warm climate of the Cukurova region at different sowing dates. It was found that the crude fat ratios of standard, mid-oleic and high-oleic sunflower types were 42.57%, 39.35% and 39.07%, respectively. Crude oil ratios of high-oleic and mid-oleic sunflower types were significantly decreased (p<0.05) at SD4 (sowing date 4, May 30th). The oleic acid contents in standard, mid-oleic and high-oleic sunflower types were found to be 60.08%, 74.35% and 88.1%, respectively. The oleic acid ratios of standard sunflower types were determined to be significantly lower at SD1 (April 15th) (p<0.05). The results show that it is more appropriate to sow the sunflowers between SD1 and SD2 (15 April to 30 April) in terms of producing the required oil and oleic acid contents. Also, both oil ratios and fatty acid compositions can change according to the sowing dates.Öğe Yemekhane için Yapay Zekâ Teknikleri Kullanımı ile Günlük Talep Tahmini(2018) Kılıç, Fatih; Akkaya, Murat Reis; Memili, NuranGünümüzde birçok kurum personel yemek hizmetlerini dış alım metoduyla profesyonel yemek şirketlerden temin etmektedir. Bu hizmetkarşılığı yemek şirketlerine talep ettikleri yemek miktarı kadar ücret ödemektedirler. Yemeklerin cinsine, çıktığı güne, şirketçalışanlarının davranışlarına ve çalışan sayısına göre günlük tüketim miktarı değişmesine rağmen çoğu kurum kişisel tahminlerle kararvermekte ve israf oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bir üniversite yemekhane sisteminden alınan veriler WEKA açık kaynak kodlu yazılımıvasıtasıyla Yapay Sinir Ağı, Destek Vektör Makinası ve Regresyon analizi metotları kullanımı ile günlük talep miktarının tahminiyapılmış ve ilgili metotların performans karşılaştırılması sunulmuştur. Yapılan çalışma ile üniversite gibi farklı davranışlara sahiptüketici tipine göre farklı metotların baskın olduğu ve seçilecek metot ile atık yemek miktarının minimize edilebileceği önerilmiştir.Öğe Yerfıstığı (Arachis hypogaea L.)’nda bazı kalite özelliklerinin Yakın Kızılötesi Spektroskopi (NIRS) ile belirlenmesi(2017) Akkaya, Murat Reis; Yücel, Hatice; Didin, Mustafa; Özer, Emir Ayşe; Kola, Osman; Duman, Ahmet DoğanBu araştırma yerfıstığında yağ, protein ve nem oranının Yakın Kızılötesi Spektroskopi (NIRS) ile belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada yerfıstıklarından spektrumların alınmasında Foss NIRSystem XDS Rapid Content Analyzer near-infrared cihazı kullanılmıştır. Materyal olarak ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılan yağlık ve çerezlik yerfıstığı hatları ile ticari çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. NIRS’da kalibrasyon eşitliği üretmek için yerfıstığı numunelerinin referans protein değerleri kjeldahl protein tayin metodu ile, referans yağ değerleri soxhlet yağ tayin metodu ile, referans nem değerleri de etüv nem tayin metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, yerfıstığı numunelerinde referans analiz yöntemleri ile belirlenen protein oranları %19.90-30.10 arasında, yağ oranları %44.03-53.70 arasında, nem oranları ise %5.03-6.16 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Referans analiz yöntemleri ile NIRS okumaları arasında elde edilen kalibrasyon belirleme katsayısı (RSQ=R2 ) protein oranında 0.925, yağ oranında 0.857, nem oranında ise 0.821 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, NIRS yönteminin yerfıstığında bazı kalite parametrelerinin belirlenmesinde hızlı ve etkili bir yöntem olabileceğini göstermiştir.
