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    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FATTY ACID EXTRACTION METHODS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) VARIETIES GROWN UNDER MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT
    (Journal Experimental Biology & Agricultural Sciences, 2016) Kurt, C.; Arioglu, H.; Erdem, T.; Akkaya, M. R.; El Sabagh, A.; Islam, M. S.
    Present study was carried out to determine the effects of two oil extraction methods on the composition of oil fatty acid in sesame of some Turkish genotypes. Two oil extraction techniques viz. Cold pressing (CP) and Soxhlet extraction (SE), were compared for the fatty acid composition of 25 Turkish sesame genotype. Higher averaged sesame seed oil yield (54.7%) was obtained in the SE method than the CP method (31.1%). The oil compositions of sesame genotypes were compared and the presence of five main dominated sesame fatty acid components namely palmitic, stearic, arachidic, oleic and linoleic acid was reported. Among these five fatty acid, palmitic (9.38-10.56%) and stearic acids (4.73-5.12%) were reported predominant saturated fatty acids while arachidic acid was reported in minimum concentration in sesame oil ranging of 0.52 to 0.59 %. Oleic and linoleic acids are the major fatty acids of sesame oil and are reported in large amounts in the oils of all genotypes. The percentage of oleic acid ranged from 37.15 to 41.67, while this percentage was reported between 42.22 to 45.54 for Linoleic acid. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the fatty acid profile of the sesame oil was not significantly influenced by oil extraction method.
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    Fatty acid compositions of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in east Mediterranean region
    (Innovhub Ssi-Area Ssog, 2018) Akkaya, M. R.
    Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a widely cultivated crop on Earth. Although the fatty acid composition mainly depends on genotypic properties of sunflower, ecological properties and climate are also effective on the fatty acid composition. Sunflower oil is classified in three types; standard, mid and high-oleic acid containing types. This study was performed to determine the fatty acid composition of oils extracted from sunflowers grown in East Mediterranean region. Samples were taken from 6 different sunflower varieties planted in three different locations during the harvest season. Oleic acid contents of oils extracted from sunflowers were 41.04-46.15% for standard-oleic acid types and 81.99% for high-oleic acid containing type in average. Average linoleic acid contents were 40.72-46.73% for standard-oleic type and 8.16% for high-oleic acid type. The results of this study showed that oils extracted from sunflower grown in East Mediterranean region had higher oleic acid content. Pre-sowing sunflower seeds classified in standard type turned out to be mid-oleic acid type when grown in this region.
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    Physical and chemical characterization of different varieties of hazelnut grown in Sakarya, Turkey
    (Servizi Editoriali Assoc Srl, 2015) Kola, O.; Cetin, A. E.; Ozer, M. S.; Akkaya, M. R.
    The goal of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of hazelnut varieties grown in the Sakarya province. The six different hazelnut varieties used in this study are Badem, Delisava, Giresun Yaglisi, Karayagli, Mincane and Yomra. Moisture contents of the hazelnuts ranged from 3.92 +/- 0.03 to 4.59 +/- 0.03%. Protein contents were between 14.01 +/- 0.68% and 17.46 +/- 0.59%. Oil contents of the hazelnuts were found to be above 60%. The Karayagli variety showed the highest oil content (65.40 +/- 1.22%) among all the hazelnut varieties. Oils extracted from these hazelnut varieties were then set apart in terms of refractive indices, amounts of volatile compounds, iodine and saponification values, percentages of unsaponifiable compounds and free fatty acids, peroxide numbers, and colors. Also determined was the fatty acid composition of the hazelnut oils. Oleic (78.94-82.83%), linoleic (7.40-12.06%), palmitic (5.51-6.18%) and stearic acids (2.07-2.50%) were the main fatty acids present in the hazelnut oils. The highest amount of oleic acid was found in the Karayagli oil, whereas Giresun yaglisi oil had the highest linoleic acid. The highest amount of palmitic and stearic acids were found in the Delisava oil. Ratios of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in the hazelnut oils were found to be between 10.0 and 11.2, indicating that the amount of unsaturated fatty acids was 10-11 fold higher than that of saturated fatty acids. According to the color measurements, all the oils exhibited a slightly reddish, dark yellow color.