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    Evidence for financial hierarchy theory in capital structure decisions: Data from BIST companies
    (Bogazici Universitesi, 2020) Acar, Elif; Vural, Gamze; Çetenak, Emin Hüseyin
    The aim of this study is to test and expound the firm-level factors that determine financial leverage via testing a panel data of non-financial companies listed in the BIST throughout 1994-2015. We aim to build on our previous study of the same data set (Vural & Acar, 2018), which tested the basic model of Financial Hierarchy theory via a simple regression analysis of financial leverage on financial deficit and yielded positive results at 1% significance level. In this study, using reliably significant factors of leverage, we further analyze the effects of firm characteristics on changes in leverage by using the system version of the Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM). Operational profitability and firm size are found to negatively affect debt levels, while market-to-book value ratio has a positive effect, as predicted by the Financial Hierarchy theory. The median industrial leverage ratio has a positive coefficient, more in line with Trade-off theory's predictions. © 2020 Bogazici Universitesi. All rights reserved.
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    Öğe
    The Effect of National Culture on Corporate Financial Decisions
    (Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Cetenak, Emin Huseyin; Cingoz, Ayse; Acar, Elif
    Recently, studies on the effects of cultural factors on corporate financial decision-making have emerged in the finance literature. Culture shapes behaviors of people and distinguishes members of one group or category from another. The decision-making process depends greatly on cultural background. Executives' financial decisions show variance from society to society as a result of their cultural differences. The objective of this study is to point out the effects of national culture on financial decision-making. We examined Hofstede's cultural dimensions among 20 countries around the world to explain the variation of financial decisions based on cultural differences. According to our results, power-distance has an effect on all financial decisions included in the study, except for the capital structure. Individualism also has an influence on all the financial decisions we analyzed, except for Research & Development (R&D) expenditures. Uncertainty avoidance is found to have an effect on all of the financial decision parameters included here, except for discretionary accruals, which are an indication of a firm's earnings-management decisions and can be considered as a clue for manipulation of earnings. Masculinity is found to have an effect only on capital structure and working capital level.