Can, C.Kilic, F.Kaya, Y.2026-02-272026-02-2720251726-45291996-856610.2507/IJSIMM24-2-714http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/IJSIMM24-2-714https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14669/4362This study introduces a robust Electric Bus (EB) charging station planning model, facilitating the transition to a fully EB fleet in smart cities. The Binary Grey Wolf Optimization (BGWO) is implemented to choose suitable positions for fast-charging stations at established bus terminals in the city, considering the construction, operation maintenance, and travel costs of charging stations. The model also contains a novel repair mechanism and an objective function to ensure predefined constraints. The dataset, which includes the Adana province public transportation network of T & uuml;rkiye, is used to simulate and analyse the model. We compare the proposed model with the recent metaheuristic optimization algorithms: Binary Dragonfly Algorithm (BDA) and Binary Harris Hawk Optimization (BHHO). The results indicate that the proposed approach has promising solutions for fast-charging station locations at a low cost in a reasonable time. (Received in October 2024, accepted in March 2025. This paper was with the authors 1 week for 1 revision.)eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLocation PlanningE-BusMetaheuristic AlgorithmsFast Charging StationArticle224WOS:001504730800003