Kutlu, YakupYayik, ApdullahYildirim, EsenYildirim, Serdar2025-01-062025-01-0620190941-06431433-305810.1007/s00521-017-3142-12-s2.0-85021882746https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-017-3142-1https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14669/2083Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used as a promising tool for investigation of brain activity during cognitive processes. The aim of this study is to reveal whether EEG signals can be used for classifying cognitive processes: arithmetic tasks and text reading. A recently introduced EEG database, which is constructed from 18 healthy subjects during a slide show including 60 slides of simple arithmetic tasks and easily readable texts, is used for this purpose. Multi-order difference plot-based time-domain attributes, number of values in specified regions after scattering the sequential difference values with several degrees, are extracted. For classification, improved extreme learning machine (ELM) scheme, namely luELM, by the use of lower-upper triangularization method instead of singular value decomposition which has disadvantages when used with huge data is proposed. As a result, higher accuracy results are achieved with reduced training time for proposed luELM classifier than traditional ELM classifier for both subject-dependent and subject-independent analysis.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCognitive processesLower-upper triangularizationExtreme learning machineMoDP methodOptimized nodesArticle11264Q1111731WOS:000466772500013Q1