Toxicity of nanoparticles on insects: A Review

Abstract

The rapid development of nanomaterials in various fields of science results in being in need of understanding their toxic effects on development and physiology of non-target organisms and environment. Increased production and widespread use of these nanomaterials led to their release into the environment; nevertheless, the knowledge of their behaviour in organisms is scarce. Due to their physical and chemical characteristics, nanoparticles could be more toxic for the organisms than ion forms. Besides, they may enhance the enzymatic antioxidant defence systems, DNA damage, membrane permeability, cell death and also lead to genotoxicity and neurotoxicity in the organisms. Nanoparticles are also growing application in the field of pest management of insects. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the adverse effects of nanoparticles on insect species. Hence, in this study, it is summarized the current knowledge about the toxic effects of nanoparticles against insects.